Trade Liberalization, Environment and Poverty: A Developing Country Perspective

Qureshi, Mahvash S.

doi:10.1057/9780230594005_10

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Such investment flows has been marked in chemical and other sectors which follow an emission-intensive production process. This phenomenon may enhance the pollution-intensive exports from developing countries/LDCs through both scale and composition effect, thereby adversely affecting the environment and raising climate change concerns (Edensa et al, 2011;Qureshi, 2006). On the other hand, the CO 2 emissions in the investing high-income economies are likely to go down as the dirtier part of the production is 'outsourced' to the 'South'.…”

Section: Trade Phh and Climate Change Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Foreign Trade and Investment Lead to Higher CO₂ Emissions? Evidence from Cross-Country Empirical Estimates

Chakraborty¹,

Mukherjee²

2013

Review of Market Integration

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The waves of globalisation in the past decades have increased the cross-country trade and investment flows, which also raise serious concerns over environmental sustainability and climate change owing to the following three effects. First, through scale effect the growing output and exports of the polluting sectors may adversely influence environmental balance. Secondly, growing trade volume can lead to change in industry structure and output composition resulting from composition effect, which may or may not have adverse environmental repercussions. Finally, the technique effect determines the pace of improvement in emission abatement standards and regulatory policies in an economy with rise in trade orientation. The present analysis attempts to analyse the effects of trade and investment orientation with respect to a particular climate change concern, namely per capita CO2 emissions, through panel data model for a set of 181 countries over 1980–2009. The empirical findings confirm that both in case of lower and higher income countries, higher merchandise and service trade growth leads to higher per capita CO2 emission growth in their territories. In addition, both FDI inward and outward stock is found to be positively related to CO2 emission, reflecting a complementary relationship between the two. The empirical results indicate that the composition, scale and technology effects significantly influence the openness—per capita CO2 emission interrelationship across countries.

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Section: Trade Phh and Climate Change Concernsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do Foreign Trade and Investment Lead to Higher CO₂ Emissions? Evidence from Cross-Country Empirical Estimates

Chakraborty¹,

Mukherjee²

2013

Review of Market Integration

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“…Interestingly, Pakistan and Bangladesh which share almost similar characteristics in terms of GDP, GNP and population structure; their combined share of trade in the SAARC region is considered close to India (Akram, 2012). Nevertheless, the contamination levels of air pollution of Pakistan and Bangladesh are more manageable relatively to India (Qureshi, 2006). Sri Lanka, the smallest country in this region with the least share of total GDP, GNP, population and the land area of SAARC has the lowest trade share among other counterparts, but Sri Lanka has its own importance in the region (Akram, 2012).…”

Section: Background Of the Saarc Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Industrial discharges are noticeable in some highly populated and dense industrialized zones such Dhaka, Chittagong and Khulna. Nevertheless, the air quality problem is not very serious, partly because of prevailing natural environmental conditions which easily scatter the air emissions due to a flat topography and relatively high wind speeds most of the year (Qureshi, 2006 These countries have taken several measures; for instance, India is investing in air pollution control programs and awareness about the possible damages of air pollution is widely spread. As a result, manufacturing firms are required to attain prior agreement from environmental authorities before starting new operations and strict environmental standards have been set up for a number of highly polluting industries (Behera et al 2011).…”

Section: Background Of the Saarc Regionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Environmental Effects of Intra-Industry Trade in the Saarc Region

Tariq¹,

Rahim²

2017

IJBS

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In the setting of globalization, the rising importance of international financial institutions and international relations as well as the emergence of environmental issues has inspired a new sense of political and economic interaction. Owing to these interactions, mode of trade has changed and it has resulted in the world trade reforms. Therefore, trade of differentiating goods is being appreciated and encouraged in developing economies. In the context of South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC), the intra-industry trade is increasingly replacing inter-industry trade. The environmental effects of the aftermath of expansion in intra-industry trade i.e. scale effect, selection effect and technique effects in the SAARC region are to be assessed in this study. The overall results of this study indicate that if intra-industry trade is expanded, it yields positive impacts on the environment. At the one hand, the disintegration of trade induced environmental effects, implies that the scale effect is hazardous for the environment. On the other hand, the trade induced selection and technique effects are beneficial for the environment in the case of SAARC region.Keywords: Intra-Industry Trade; Environmental Effect; SAARC.

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“…Domestic enterprises were given extensive protection, allowing them to operate without fear of foreign competition, which hampered output. As a result of the failure of the import substitution and high tariff strategy in the 1960s and 1970s, liberalization measures in the 1980s were implemented (Azhar et al 2007;Qureshi 2006). As a result of trade reforms, the economy has become more open, with fewer trade restrictions, lower tariffs, and fewer non-tariff obstacles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of Pakistan's environmental issues, the country's high population growth rate (3 percent per year), average yearly GDP growth rate (4.5% per year), and urbanization have all put a strain on the country's natural resources (Qureshi 2006). The industrial sector, autos, home, and industrial wastewater, deforestation, and waterlogging, among other things, are major contributors to environmental pollution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decomposing the effect of trade on environment: a case study of Pakistan

Khan

Safdar

Nadeem

2022

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Using time-series data from 1984 to 2019, the study examines the vigorous trade-environment relation in Pakistan. Pakistan is an interesting case study in which trade liberalization has expanded economic activity while also increasing environmental pollution during the last two decades. As a result, determining whether trade and industrial operations have contributed to environmental degradation is crucial. Our first goal is to look at how trade affects the environment in terms of scale, composition, and technique. The second step is to look into the pollution haven theory. The study uses a new approach to measuring trade openness called composite trade intensity, which differs from the traditional approach. The dynamic autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) simulation framework, which was recently developed, was employed. The findings show that the scale impact raises CO 2 emissions while the technique effect helps to lessen them, proving the existence of an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis. The composition impact contributes to increased pollution in the environment. Through the expansion of pollution-intensive export businesses, trade openness degrades environmental quality over the long as well as in the short term. The notion of a pollution hypothesis has also been proven. The quality of the environment deteriorates as a result of urbanization, whereas it improves as a result of good governance. Economic growth, trade openness, urbanization, and CO2 emissions have bidirectional causality, according to frequency domain causality findings. Based on our empirical findings, the study concludes that individual efforts, as well as collective efforts at the international level to reduce carbon emissions, are critical to solving the problem of environmental degradation and making the world a completely peaceful place.

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Trade Liberalization, Environment and Poverty: A Developing Country Perspective

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

Do Foreign Trade and Investment Lead to Higher CO₂ Emissions? Evidence from Cross-Country Empirical Estimates

Do Foreign Trade and Investment Lead to Higher CO₂ Emissions? Evidence from Cross-Country Empirical Estimates

The Environmental Effects of Intra-Industry Trade in the Saarc Region

Decomposing the effect of trade on environment: a case study of Pakistan

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Trade Liberalization, Environment and Poverty: A Developing Country Perspective

Cited by 4 publications

References 29 publications

Do Foreign Trade and Investment Lead to Higher CO2 Emissions? Evidence from Cross-Country Empirical Estimates

Do Foreign Trade and Investment Lead to Higher CO2 Emissions? Evidence from Cross-Country Empirical Estimates

The Environmental Effects of Intra-Industry Trade in the Saarc Region

Decomposing the effect of trade on environment: a case study of Pakistan

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Do Foreign Trade and Investment Lead to Higher CO₂ Emissions? Evidence from Cross-Country Empirical Estimates

Do Foreign Trade and Investment Lead to Higher CO₂ Emissions? Evidence from Cross-Country Empirical Estimates