Trade off study on different envelope detectors for B-mode imaging

Schlaikjer, M.; Bagge, Jan Peter; Sorensen, O.M.; Jensen, Jørgen Arendt

doi:10.1109/ultsym.2003.1293296

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…In comparison with other conventional solutions (Hassan and Kadah, 2013;Schlaikjer et al, 2003), the symmetry properties and interleaved zero tap coefficients of the HT FIR filter impulse response were exploited to efficiently reduce in approximately 75% the number of 18x18 DSP blocks available in the FPGA to realize the filter. Consequently, our method consumed only 16 DSP blocks to multiply the filter coefficient -two DSP blocks for each multiplication -and two DSP blocks to square the incoming I and Q signals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, our method consumed only 16 DSP blocks to multiply the filter coefficient -two DSP blocks for each multiplication -and two DSP blocks to square the incoming I and Q signals. However, optimized filter designs with more coefficients N and/or more bits can be evaluated to increase performance (Schlaikjer et al, 2003;Soderstrand et al, 2000), resulting in the usage of N/2+2 DSP blocks. On the other hand, as the latency for the envelope detection depends on the number of taps needed for the HT FIR filter (Chang et al, 2007;DeBrunner and Wang, 2006), the major flaw of this method is that the increase in the filter order also increase the delay.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such demodulation algorithms involve extracting the analytic signal of the received RF signal using the HT. As the analytic signal is a complex signal, where the real part (I-in-phase , Eduardo Tavares Costa original signal and the imaginary part (Q-quadrature) is the HT of the original signal with a 90-degree phase shift in the operation band, its magnitude is calculated as the square root of the sum of the squares of the I and Q components (Schlaikjer et al, 2003). For example, Chang et al (2007) proposed an envelope detector using the look-up table (LUT) method to compute the magnitude of the I/Q signals extracted from the quadrature demodulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling and FPGA-based implementation of an efficient and simple envelope detector using a Hilbert Transform FIR filter for ultrasound imaging applications

et al. 2018

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Introduction: Although the envelope detection is a widely used method in medical ultrasound (US) imaging to demodulate the amplitude of the received echo signal before any back-end processing, novel hardware-based approaches have been proposed for reducing its computational cost and complexity. In this paper, we present the modeling and FPGA implementation of an efficient envelope detector based on a Hilbert Transform (HT) approximation for US imaging applications. Method: The proposed model exploits both the symmetry and the alternating zero-valued coefficients of a HT finite impulse response (FIR) filter to generate the in-phase and quadrature components that are necessary for the envelope computation. The hardware design was synthesized for a Stratix IV FPGA, by using the Simulink and the integrated DSP Builder toolbox, and implemented on a Terasic DE4-230 board. The accuracy of our algorithm was evaluated by the normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) cost function in comparison with the conventional method based on the absolute value of the discrete-time analytic signal via FFT. Results: An excellent agreement was achieved between the theoretical simulations with the experimental result. The NRMSE was 0.42% and the overall FPGA utilization was less than 1.5%. Additionally, the proposed envelope detector is capable of generating envelope data at every FPGA clock cycle after 19 (0.48 µs) cycles of latency. Conclusion: The presented results corroborate the simplicity, flexibility and efficiency of our model for generating US envelope data in real-time, while reducing the hardware cost by up to 75%.Keywords Ultrasound, Envelope detection, Hilbert transform, FPGA, Simulink.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.How to cite this article: Assef AA, Ferreira BM, Maia JM, Costa ET. Modeling and FPGA-based implementation of an efficient and simple envelope detector using a Hilbert Transform FIR filter for ultrasound imaging applications. Res Biomed Eng. 2018; 34(1):87-92.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Modeling and FPGA-based implementation of an efficient and simple envelope detector using a Hilbert Transform FIR filter for ultrasound imaging applications

et al. 2018

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“…The Hilbert transform is a one of the envelop detection technique [27] which has been used to detect the envelope of PCG signal. We have used built-in function of MATLAB for Hilbert transform.…”

Section: Proposed Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of heart condition by time and frequency based template

Rahman

Ahmed

2014

2014 17th International Conference on Computer and Information Technology (ICCIT)

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The phonocardiogram (PCG) is an easy and costless yet powerful tool to detect the heart condition. While the cardiovascular disease is an increasing global threat to humanity, there is a decrease in doctors' capability for diagnosing these diseases by auscultation. In this work, a neural network based automated system is proposed to aid early detection of these diseases. Two template-based feature representations are developed to effectively represent the characteristics of heart sound. These features, extracted from sound files of known cases, are then used to train a neural network. Our experimental results corroborate that the proposed method can efficiently detect the heart condition with good overall classification accuracy. In addition, a graphical user interface and a low cost device is developed which is user-friendly and can be used without much relevant knowledge.

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“…The echoes received by the transducer are processed and filtered. After being filtered, the envelope is detected by using the Hilbert transform (Schlaikjer, 2003), the amplitude of the signal is measured and digitized. The amplitudes of the received signal are stored in a set of arrays (RF lines) that will later be used to create a two‐dimensional image.…”

Section: Background—acoustic Imagingmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Ultrasonic Profiling Method for the Inspection of Tubular Structures

Gómez

Althoefer

Seneviratne

2007

Computer aided Civil Eng

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This article presents an approach for the internal inspection of tubular structures immersed in water through the use of sonar techniques, generating enhanced 3D graphs which represent the inner surface of these structures. These graphs not only show the inner contour of the pipe but also integrate the intensity of the echoes employed to create the profile. The enhanced profile is generated by superimposing the peak intensity from the returning echoes at the calculated x, y, and z coordinates where it reflected from the pipe wall. The proposed method is capable of showing anomalous conditions, inside pipes filled with liquid, with dimensions smaller than the theoretical lateral and axial resolution of the transducer, in contrast to traditional methods where these kinds of defects are not disclosed. The proposed inspection method and its capabilities were validated through the realization of simulations and experiments. The presented approach was particularly developed with the aim of scanning internal sections of pipes filled with liquid using rotary ultrasonic sonars, but it is expected that this research could be expanded to the inspection of other submerged structures, such as water tanks, or pressurized vessels.

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Trade off study on different envelope detectors for B-mode imaging

Cited by 10 publications

References 2 publications

Modeling and FPGA-based implementation of an efficient and simple envelope detector using a Hilbert Transform FIR filter for ultrasound imaging applications

Modeling and FPGA-based implementation of an efficient and simple envelope detector using a Hilbert Transform FIR filter for ultrasound imaging applications

Detection of heart condition by time and frequency based template

An Ultrasonic Profiling Method for the Inspection of Tubular Structures

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