TRADING IN AN EMERGING MARKET: E. JOHNSTON &amp; CO AND THE BRAZILIAN COFFEE TRADE 1840-1880

Guimãraes, Carlos Gabriel; Greenhill, Robert G.

doi:10.1017/s0212610919000120

RHE / JILAEH

2019

DOI: 10.1017/s0212610919000120

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TRADING IN AN EMERGING MARKET: E. JOHNSTON & CO AND THE BRAZILIAN COFFEE TRADE 1840-1880

Carlos Gabriel Guimãraes

Robert G. Greenhill

Abstract: The article analyses the development of the coffee export business of the British company Edward Johnston & Co. in the years 1840-1880. Established in 1842 in the city of Rio de Janeiro, the firm's senior partner was the English merchant Edward Johnston. The departure of partners and the crisis of 1847 made Edward Johnston reorganise the firm in Brazil. In the 1850s, the company established itself as a family business based in Liverpool and then in London in the 1860s. The expansion of the coffee marke… Show more

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Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

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The rise of coffee in the Brazilian south‐east: tariffs and foreign market potential, 1827–40^†

Absell

2020

The Economic History Review

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The rise of coffee in the Brazilian southeast: tariffs and foreign market potential, 1827-40 † By CHRISTOPHER DAVID ABSELL * During the period spanning independence in 1822 to mid-century, Brazil's southeast shifted from specializing in the export of cane sugar to coffee. This article explores the mechanism underlying this shift by exploiting a wealth of new monthly data on the Brazilian and international coffee and cane sugar markets during the period 1827-40. It argues that the timing of the coffee boom was driven by a rapid increase in foreign market potential associated with the abolition of the tariff on coffee in the US. It estimates that American tariff reform served to increase coffee exports and African slave imports by around one-fifth. American firms, with indirect links to the slave trade, rapidly became major players in the export market in Rio de Janeiro, while non-American firms, traditionally specialized in continental European destinations, turned their sights on the American market.

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The rise of coffee in the Brazilian south‐east: tariffs and foreign market potential, 1827–40^†

Absell

2020

The Economic History Review

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Review of periodical literature for 2021

Varian

2022

The Economic History Review

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Occasionally, several articles published in the same year converge upon a quite specific theme. Sometimes, the convergence may be attributed to newly available data, for example, from population censuses, or to a significant anniversary, for example, the centenary of the First World War. Other times, it may arise from an ambitious programme of research having come to fruition. Yet, especially for the heavily studied period from 1850 to 1945, there are occasions when the clustering of articles around a closely circumscribed theme happens, seemingly, by chance. These serendipitous convergences afford readers of economic and social history a more comprehensive treatment of topics than would have been expected. One of the purposes of this review (and one of the joys of the reviewer) is to bring these convergences to the attention of economic and social historians.In 2021, no less than five articles converged, serendipitously, on the topic of British emigration to Australasia. These articles spanned six authors and three journals, viz. Australian Economic History Review, Historical Research, and Social History of Medicine. Relying on shipping records, Ward estimates that, during the period from 1852 to 1915, approximately 20 per cent of British emigrants to the colony of Victoria eventually returned to Britain. The returning migrants, who were mostly women, were strongly influenced by social networks. Ward's article includes both quantitative analysis and biographical vignettes of returning migrants. One of these migrants was Annie Martlew, who emigrated from Liverpool to Melbourne in 1884, only to return two decades later as a widow with five young children, motivated by the existence of a stronger support network in Britain. Social networks are a potential explanation for a paradox identified by Hatton in his study of emigration from the United Kingdom to the Anglosphere during the late nineteenth century. Surprisingly, he finds that emigrants to Australia and New Zealand were, on average, more skilled than emigrants to Canada and the United States, despite wages exhibiting a higher skill premium in North America. Hatton speculates that the lower skill content of emigrants from the United Kingdom-importantly, including Ireland-to the United States (vis-à-vis migrants to Australasia) might be due to the presence of greater networks of previous migrants there. Leaving aside the skill content of migrants, the sheer number of migrants to Australasia was positively influenced byThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Estrangeiras e nacionais: as maiores casas exportadoras de café em Santos (1897-1930)

Silva

2023

Estud. Econ.

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Resumo No período 1897-1930, as lavouras do estado de São Paulo responderam por aproximadamente dois terços das sacas de café exportadas pelo Brasil, grãos que eram negociadas no porto de Santos. Mas, quais eram as firmas responsáveis por exportar o café brasileiro no porto paulista? A historiografia convencionou apontar o domínio de empresas estrangeiras sobre a comercialização do café no período citado. Embasado nos arquivos da Associação Comercial de Santos e nas edições do Wileman’s Brazilian Review, o artigo demonstra que as casas inglesas e alemãs lideraram as exportações em Santos até 1913, mas, com o início da I Guerra Mundial em 1914 e na década de 1920, houve casas nacionais/brasileiras que lideraram a exportação e passaram rivalizar com firmas estrangeiras, sendo que estas firmas passaram a ser as estadunidenses.

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TRADING IN AN EMERGING MARKET: E. JOHNSTON & CO AND THE BRAZILIAN COFFEE TRADE 1840-1880

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

The rise of coffee in the Brazilian south‐east: tariffs and foreign market potential, 1827–40^†

The rise of coffee in the Brazilian south‐east: tariffs and foreign market potential, 1827–40^†

Review of periodical literature for 2021

Estrangeiras e nacionais: as maiores casas exportadoras de café em Santos (1897-1930)

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TRADING IN AN EMERGING MARKET: E. JOHNSTON & CO AND THE BRAZILIAN COFFEE TRADE 1840-1880

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

The rise of coffee in the Brazilian south‐east: tariffs and foreign market potential, 1827–40†

The rise of coffee in the Brazilian south‐east: tariffs and foreign market potential, 1827–40†

Review of periodical literature for 2021

Estrangeiras e nacionais: as maiores casas exportadoras de café em Santos (1897-1930)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

The rise of coffee in the Brazilian south‐east: tariffs and foreign market potential, 1827–40^†

The rise of coffee in the Brazilian south‐east: tariffs and foreign market potential, 1827–40^†