Tradition as asset or burden for transitions from forests as cropping systems to multifunctional forest landscapes: Sweden as a case study

Angelstam, Per; Asplund, Brita; Bastian, Olaf; Engelmark, Ola; Федоряк, Марія; Grunewald, Karsten; Ibisch, Pierre L.; Lindvall, Per; Manton, Michael; Nilsson, Magnus; Nilsson, S.; Roberntz, Peter; Shkaruba, Anton; Skoog, Per; Soloviy, Ihor; Svoboda, Miroslav; Teplyakov, Victor K; Tivell, Anders; Westholm, Erik; Zhuk, Alina; Öster, Leif

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2021.119895

Cited by 18 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…A decade later, Felton et al [14] found that these issues remained unsolved. In a similar study, Angelstam et al [9] concluded that a strong forest management cropping system tradition can be a burden for reaching sustainable forest management objectives.…”

Section: Policy About Forest Biodiversity Conservation Remains Intactmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Items relating to developments in forestry policy following passage of the revised Forestry Act include materials from the Swedish Forest Agency, the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, the Swedish Society for Nature Conservation, and applicable news reports. For methodological details, see Bush [46], Angelstam et al [9,20,41,42]. To assess the match with evidence-based knowledge and policy, we refer to fundamental conservation biology principles for the conservation of naturally occurring species such as habitat loss thresholds [40,69], representation [70] and habitat quality [71].…”

Section: Policy Creation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second type of studies providing knowledge relevant for evaluation of how species are affected by different amounts of resources involve comparative studies along forest history gradients [9,[191][192][193][194]. Such studies focus on how much of various resources are needed compared to the range of variation in naturally dynamic reference landscapes regarding dead wood, e.g., [195][196][197][198][199], the proportion of deciduous trees in stands [200,201], and naturally dynamic forest old growth forest stands found in the managed landscape [17].…”

Section: Use Of Evidence-based Knowledge Forest and Woodland Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Sweden, a long history of forest management for sustained yield wood production [9][10][11] has moved managed forest landscapes far away from their natural and historical range of variability in terms of forest disturbance processes and functions, e.g., [12][13][14][15], habitat structures, e.g., [16,17] and species composition, e.g., [18][19][20]. In urban landscapes, green spaces shrink as housing, transport, communication and energy and different kinds of grey infrastructure demand more space [21], which is a development that poses threats to human health [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Challenges and Solutions for Forest Biodiversity Conservation in Sweden: Assessment of Policy, Implementation Outputs, and Consequences

Angelstam

Bush

Manton

2023

Land

Self Cite

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Swedish policies aim at conserving biological production, biodiversity, cultural heritage and recreational assets. This requires compositionally and structurally functional networks of representative habitats, the processes that maintain them, and resilient ecosystems. The term green infrastructure (GI) captures this. We review (1) policy concerning forest biodiversity conservation from the 1990s; (2) the implementation outputs, including the formulation of short-term and evidence-based long-term goals for protected areas, education, and the development of hierarchical spatial planning; (3) the consequences in terms of formally protected and voluntarily set-aside forest stands, as well as conservation management and habitat restoration. We assess the successes and failures regarding policy, outputs and consequences, discuss challenges to be addressed, and suggest solutions. Policies capture evidence-based knowledge about biodiversity, and evidence-based conservation planning as an output. However, the desired consequences are not met on the ground. Thus, the amount of formally protected and voluntary set-aside forests are presently too low, and have limited quality and poor functional connectivity. GI functionality is even declining because of forestry intensification, and insufficient conservation. Challenges include limited collaborative learning among forest and conservation planners, poor funding to conserve forest habitats with sufficient size, quality and connectivity, and national politics that ignores evidence-based knowledge. As solutions, we highlight the need for diversification of forest management systems with a landscape perspective that matches forest owner objectives and regional social-ecological contexts. This requires integrative approaches to knowledge production, learning and spatial planning.

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Section: Policy About Forest Biodiversity Conservation Remains Intactmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Policy Creation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Use Of Evidence-based Knowledge Forest and Woodland Ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Challenges and Solutions for Forest Biodiversity Conservation in Sweden: Assessment of Policy, Implementation Outputs, and Consequences

Angelstam

Bush

Manton

2023

Land

Self Cite

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“…In European temperate forests, due to long and intense human impact, research about natural disturbance regimes is more difficult (Bebi et al 2017;Vacchiano et al 2017) (Pukkala et al 2012). However, in the forestry sector in Sweden and Finland, culture and education, industrial forestry networks and timber markets promote clearcut forestry, and there is considerable resistance towards adopting continuous forest cover approaches (Angelstam et al 2022;Hertog et al 2022).…”

Section: Current Practice In Europementioning

confidence: 99%

Closer-to-Nature Forest Management

Larsen¹,

Angelstam²,

Bauhus³

et al. 2022

From Science to Policy

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The report benefited from the helpful comments from three external reviewers, Fernando Valladares from the Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Janez Potočnik, ThinkForest President and co-chair of the International Resource Panel, and an anonymous reviewer. We wish to express our thanks for their insights and comments that helped to improve the report, and acknowledge that they are in no way responsible for any remaining errors.Closer-to-Nature Forest Management 3. Use adaptive management as a way to tackle uncertainties: We need to regularly monitor forest responses to management interventions, evaluate these responses and adjust management strategies accordingly.A similar adaptive approach is urgently required to evaluate the impact of policy measures and support mechanisms proposed to encourage adoption of Closer-to-Nature Forest Management. Not a quick-fix, long-term measures are needed:The introduction of Closer-to-Nature Forest Management is not a 'quick-fix' and policy makers must provide long-term and consistent support measures to encourage forest managers and other stakeholders to adopt this strategy. Support for forest owners for training and application of the strategy is key. Review existing subsidy and taxation regimes for private owners:Convincing private owners to follow this approach will require the creation of schemes that reward them for providing ecosystem services. Closer-to-Nature Forest Management has the potential to support biodiversity, adapt forests to climate change and provide ecosystem services to a higher level than conventional forest management. There is an urgent need to review existing subsidy and taxation regimes affecting private forestry, and to consider how these might be changed to further the uptake of Closer-to-Nature Forest Management. Develop and use new technologies and tools:There is a need to harmonize monitoring systems and to develop and use new technologies and tools (GIS, GPS and remote sensing) to ease management of these more diverse and structure-rich forests.Finally, there are still some uncertainties about the effect of certain elements of Closer-to-Nature Forest Management on biodiversity conservation and ecosystem health, and how they will affect other ecosystem services including wood production under different management conditions throughout Europe. This calls for more collective learning, experimentation and research.

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Multiple ways to bend the curve of biodiversity loss: An analytical framework to support transformative change

Mehring,

Brietzke,

Kleemann

et al. 2024

People and Nature

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Humans are significantly impacting ecosystems worldwide. Scientists of the IPBES Global Assessment are therefore calling for a transformative change that includes all aspects of society in order to address drivers of biodiversity loss. However, these calls are rather abstract, and thus it remains unclear how this goal can be achieved. With this conceptual contribution, we present an analytical framework for evaluating existing processes of societal change which are enhancing biodiversity, and we illustrate its application using three case studies in Germany. We argue that an empirical analysis provides insights into the causal mechanisms that initiate or promote change processes. In doing so, we can draw recommendations for future transformative change processes with regard to biodiversity conservation. In our analysis, we are dealing with questions concerning the following three areas: the drivers and context of societal change processes, the change processes themselves and finally their impacts. Subsequently, we generate recommendations on how to enhance and support the process of future societal transformation that aims at biodiversity conservation: (a) Retaining co‐benefits for biodiversity with goals that are primarily focussing on other objectives; (b) harmonising biodiversity use and conservation by turning conflicts into drivers of transformation; (c) prioritising biodiversity conservation by taking advantage of windows of opportunity. With our conceptual framework, we provide an analytical tool to learn from existing processes of societal change how to support future transformative change. This is an important step that contributes to the generation of relevant knowledge of promoting transformative change for nature and people. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

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Tradition as asset or burden for transitions from forests as cropping systems to multifunctional forest landscapes: Sweden as a case study

Cited by 18 publications

References 80 publications

Challenges and Solutions for Forest Biodiversity Conservation in Sweden: Assessment of Policy, Implementation Outputs, and Consequences

Challenges and Solutions for Forest Biodiversity Conservation in Sweden: Assessment of Policy, Implementation Outputs, and Consequences

Closer-to-Nature Forest Management

Multiple ways to bend the curve of biodiversity loss: An analytical framework to support transformative change

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