Traditional and Flipped Learning: Which Enhances Students’ Academic Performance Better?

Abstract

Most of the learning institutions even before the global pandemic are using a blended learning strategy. One of the most promising and leading blended-strategy today is the Flipped Classroom Model (FCM). FCM, often called as inverted classroom or reversed instruction, is a teaching model where the content of the study is given outside the classroom and homework is done inside the classroom. Previous researches yields different results when FCM is compared with traditional learning in enhancing students’ academic performance. To address the problem, a meta-analysis has been conducted. In this study, 15 articles were chosen to be meta-analyzed. The researchers used the PRISMA model in conducting the meta-analysis and the Meta-essentials for data analysis. The analysis yields a p-value of 0.000 which means that there is a statistical significant effect by the intervention FCM to the academic performance of the students. The hedges’ g value of 0.93 has a verbal interpretation of large effect. Through subgroup analysis, it was found that FCM has a positive effect on the academic performance of the students in the subjects Physics and Mathematics with a p value of 0.000. This is also true in the subgroup, Geographical Location (Eastern and Western Countries), that yields a p-value of 0.000. Further, a moderator analysis on class size and intervention duration was also conducted. A significant p-value was found on the moderator implementation duration but not significant in the moderator class size. The analysis favors the longitudinal use of Flipped Classroom Model on enhancing student’s academic performance over Traditional Lecture Model in the subjects Physics and Mathematics regardless the class size of the students and the regions where the studies were conducted.

A supported flipped learning model for mathematics gives safety nets for online and blended learning

“…Past studies have found that flipped learning has many benefits for students, including increased performance [1,8,32,50], increased engagement and motivation [6,48], increased self-regulation [58], increased student autonomy [2,39], increased student collaboration [63], increased creativity [25], higher course satisfaction [27], and increased effectiveness of soft skills [8]. Flipped learning can achieve the same student outcomes as traditional courses with less "seat time" (p. 227), meaning that there are opportunities for flipped classrooms to enhance the efficiency of higher education learning by reducing the amount of staff-student contact necessary [4].…”

“…In order to shed clarity on the uncertainty surrounding the effectiveness of flipped learning, Shi et al [55] and Sablan and Prudente [50] carried out more recent meta-analyses. Sablan and Prudente [50] found a strong effect size for flipped learning increasing academic performance of mathematics students across several phases.…”

“…In order to shed clarity on the uncertainty surrounding the effectiveness of flipped learning, Shi et al [55] and Sablan and Prudente [50] carried out more recent meta-analyses. Sablan and Prudente [50] found a strong effect size for flipped learning increasing academic performance of mathematics students across several phases. Shi et al's [55] study focused on higher education specifically, and found that compared to a traditional lecture format, flipped learning positively affects HE students' learning outcomes across the literature.…”

Effectiveness of Flipped Classrooms in Promoting Student Learning at the Tertiary Level

“…ProScholar Insights (PSI) Volume 2, Issue 1 (2023) | DOI: 10.62997/psi.2023a.54109 Sablan and Prudente (2022) stated that the Flipped Classroom Model is a valuable approach for enhancing academic performance in subjects like Physics and Mathematics, regardless of class size or geographical location.…”

Improving Course Learning Outcomes Object-Oriented Programming through Blended Learning

“…Blended learning shows higher performance compared to conventional understanding [12]. Blended learning can make learning implementation more effective and student outcomes better [13], and the blended learning Flipped Classroom Model can improve student academic achievement better than traditional learning [14].…”