Traditional application and modern pharmacological research of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.

Huang, Lichuang; Lyu, Qiang; Zheng, Wei; Qiao, Yi; Cao, Gang

doi:10.1186/s13020-021-00482-7

Cited by 71 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 139 publications

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“…Over 138 chemical constituents with active ingredients such as lignans, cyclic allene terpenes, phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, polysaccharides, and antifungal proteins, have been identified in this species. An in-depth study of the chemical composition, coupled with assaying for the pharmacological activities and clinical application of these compounds, has revealed the extent of its potential, accounting for its broad application in medicine [ 9 ]. Current evidence suggests that the pharmacological effects of Eucommia mainly include antihypertensive activity, enhancement of immunity, regulation of blood lipids, lowering of blood sugar, prevention of osteoporosis, and anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and anti-tumor activities.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Eucommia water extract on gingivitis and periodontitis in experimental rats

Wang

Fan

et al. 2022

BMC Oral Health

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Herein, we evaluated the potential therapeutic effects of water extracts from Eucommia on periodontitis in experimental rats. We ligated the maxillary second molars of Sprague–Dawley(SD) rats with 4.0 silk threads and locally smeared Porphyromonas gingivalis(P. gingivalis) to induce gingivitis and periodontitis.After the model was successfully established, we exposed the rats to Eucommia water extracts through topical smearing and intragastric administration and evaluated the therapeutic effect of the extracts on gingivitis (for a 2 week treatment period) and periodontitis (over 4 weeks). We analyzed histopathological sections of the periodontal tissue and quantified the alveolar bone resorption levels, molecules related to periodontal oxidative stress, and periodontal inflammatory factors to assess the feasibility of Eucommia in treating gingivitis and periodontitis. We found that damage to the periodontal tissue was reduced after treatment with extracts,indicating that Eucommia has a positive effect in treating gingivitis and periodontitis in experimental rats. These findings are expected to provide the foothold for future research on secondary metabolites derived from Eucommia and guide the development of novel approaches for preventing and treating periodontal disease.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Eucommia water extract on gingivitis and periodontitis in experimental rats

Wang

Fan

et al. 2022

BMC Oral Health

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“…had high degrees, were more important compounds in QWS. Modern studies have also suggested pharmacological activities of these compounds, such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, anti-tumor and antimicrobial effects [ 29 – 34 ]. The targets associated with multiple compounds in the network also reflected synergistic effects between different compounds during therapeutic process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Qingwei San treats oral ulcer subjected to stomach heat syndrome in db/db mice by targeting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway

Shi

Cheng

et al. 2022

Chin Med

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Background Qingwei San (QWS), one of classic Chinese Medicine prescripts, has been widely used to treat stomach heat syndrome which manifests oral ulcer (OU), periodontitis and upper gastrointestinal bleeding for seven hundred years. However, the therapeutic effects of QWS on diabetic OU subjected to stomach heat syndrome are still ambiguous. In the study, we investigated the pharmacological mechanisms. Methods The main components of QWS aqueous extract were analyzed by LC–MS, and potential pathways of QWS targeting OU were predicted by network pharmacology. The db/db mice were administered with the decoction of dried Zingiber officinale Rosc. rhizome combined with NaOH cauterization to establish the model of diabetic OU subjected to stomach heat syndrome. Subsequently, the model mice were treated with QWS, and OU wound healing status were recorded. The pathological changes of gastric tissue and oral mucosa were evaluated using hematoxylin–eosin staining, and the morphology of collagen fibers in oral mucosa was assessed by Masson staining. The levels of thromboxane B2 (TXB2), 6-Keto-prostaglandin F1α (6-keto-PGF1α), interleukin-1 β (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), β-endorphin (β-EP) and 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) were determined by ELISA assay. The protein expressions of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), TNF receptor associated factor 6 (TRAF6), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), inhibitor of NF-κB alpha (IκΒα), p-IκΒα and nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) p65 were measured by Western Blotting. Results A total of 183 compounds in QWS were identified by LC–MS, and identified 79 bioactive compounds corresponded to 269 targets and 59 pathways. QWS high-dose treatment significantly reduced the level of TXB2 and the ratio of TXB2/6-keto-PGF1α. Meanwhile, it improved mucosal pathological morphology, and reduced the area of OU and local edema. Simultaneously, the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-2 and 5-HT, and the expressions of TLR4, TRAF6, MyD88, p-IκΒα and NF-κB p65 were decreased. Conclusion QWS treatment facilitates the healing of OU, ameliorates pathological morphologies of gastric and oral mucosa and decreases the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in db/db mice subjected to stomach heat syndrome, whose mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway to exert anti-inflammatory effects.

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“…In this study, the IGEUs were obtained from China National Knowledge Infrastructure ( https://www.cnki.net/ ), PubMed ( https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ ) and Web of Science ( https://www.webofscience.com/ ) databases 26 , 27 , which summarized the contents, biological functions and pharmacological effects of main active components from different parts of EU 28 – 36 . In addition, the PubChem ID, CAS, canonical smiles and 2D structure of the IGEUs were obtained from the PubChem database ( https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ ) 37 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Network pharmacology of iridoid glycosides from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver against osteoporosis

Wang

Fan

Feng

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Eucommia ulmoides Oliver is one of the commonly used traditional Chinese medicines for the treatment of osteoporosis, and iridoid glycosides are considered to be its active ingredients against osteoporosis. This study aims to clarify the chemical components and molecular mechanism of iridoid glycosides of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver in the treatment of osteoporosis by integrating network pharmacology and molecular simulations. The active iridoid glycosides and their potential targets were retrieved from text mining as well as Swiss Target Prediction, TargetNet database, and STITCH databases. At the same time, DisGeNET, GeneCards, and Therapeutic Target Database were used to search for the targets associated with osteoporosis. A protein–protein interaction network was built to analyze the interactions between targets. Then, DAVID bioinformatics resources and R 3.6.3 project were used to carry out Gene Ontology enrichment analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis. Moreover, interactions between active compounds and potential targets were investigated through molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation, and binding free energy analysis. The results showed that a total of 12 iridoid glycosides were identified as the active iridoid glycosides of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver in the treatment of osteoporosis. Among them, aucubin, reptoside, geniposide and ajugoside were the core compounds. The enrichment analysis suggested iridoid glycosides of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver prevented osteoporosis mainly through PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, MAPK signaling pathway and Estrogen signaling pathway. Molecular docking results indicated that the 12 iridoid glycosides had good binding ability with 25 hub target proteins, which played a critical role in the treatment of osteoporosis. Molecular dynamic and molecular mechanics Poisson–Boltzmann surface area results revealed these compounds showed stable binding to the active sites of the target proteins during the simulations. In conclusion, our research demonstrated that iridoid glycosides of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver in the treatment of osteoporosis involved a multi-component, multi-target and multi-pathway mechanism, which provided new suggestions and theoretical support for treating osteoporosis.

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Traditional application and modern pharmacological research of Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.

Cited by 71 publications

References 139 publications

Effect of Eucommia water extract on gingivitis and periodontitis in experimental rats

Effect of Eucommia water extract on gingivitis and periodontitis in experimental rats

Qingwei San treats oral ulcer subjected to stomach heat syndrome in db/db mice by targeting TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway

Network pharmacology of iridoid glycosides from Eucommia ulmoides Oliver against osteoporosis

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