Traditional breeding

Caruso, Marco; Smith, Malcolm W.; Froelicher, Yann; Russo, Giuseppe; Gmitter, Frederick G.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-812163-4.00007-3

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 108 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Mutation breeding by gamma irradiation has been used in citrus to reduce seed production in diploid seedy hybrids [77]. Notwithstanding, the recovery of complete seedlessness or very low seedy genotypes is a very difficult issue but helpful to point out the importance of having strong parthenocarpic traits in breeding progenies [78]. Therefore, it is a key step to acquire prior knowledge of the parthenocarpic aptitude and the parthenocarpy type of the candidate diploid seedy varieties for irradiation since only those with these characteristics, and therefore capable to produce seedless fruits, will be suitable for being irradiated.…”

Section: Parthenocarpic Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parthenocarpy and Self-Incompatibility in Mandarins

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Citrus reproductive biology is complex. One of its characteristic features is parthenocarpy that enables seedless fruit production. Citrus parthenocarpy and self-incompatibility knowledge is only partial and sometimes discrepant. Increasing such knowledge is relevant for better managing cultivated varieties and improving the selection of parents in breeding strategies to recover seedless varieties such as mandarins. This work develops an efficient protocol to characterize self-incompatibility and different parthenocarpy types based on emasculation, hand self-pollination, and hand cross-pollination. It analyzes fruit setting and seed production coupled with histological pollen performance observations. We analyzed the reproductive behavior of nine mandarin varieties with relevant characteristics as parents for seedless mandarin breeding. ‘Clemenules’ clementine and ‘Moncada’ mandarins were strictly self-incompatible with facultative and vegetative parthenocarpy; ‘Imperial’ mandarin and ‘Ellendale’ tangor displayed no strict self-incompatibility associated with facultative and vegetative parthenocarpy; ‘Fortune’ mandarin was self-incompatible with facultative and stimulative parthenocarpy; ‘Campeona’ and ‘Salteñita’ mandarins were self-compatible with vegetative parthenocarpy; ‘Serafines’ satsuma was associated with male sterility together with facultative and vegetative parthenocarpy; and ‘Monreal’ clementine was self-compatible and nonparthenocarpic. Our protocol can be applied for screening of mandarin germplasm and to characterize new parents. Reproductive behavior knowledge is important for optimizing seedless mandarin breeding programs based on diploidy, triploidy, or induced mutagenesis.

show abstract

Section: Parthenocarpic Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parthenocarpy and Self-Incompatibility in Mandarins

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Strategies for breeding seedless varieties are based on the association of parthenocarpy and mechanisms that prevent fertilization of the ovules by pollen or results in embryo degeneration. Gametic sterility can result from sterility genes, such as the nucleocytoplasmic male sterility in Satsuma [1] or from ploidy manipulation to create triploid hybrids with unbalanced meiosis [2,3]. Self-incompatibility (SI), the inability for a male and female fertile plant to produce seeds from self-fertilization, is also an efficient way to select for seedless cultivars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Segregation Distortion for Male Parents in High Density Genetic Maps from Reciprocal Crosses between Two Self-Incompatible Cultivars Confirms a Gametophytic System for Self-Incompatibility in Citrus

et al. 2021

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Self-incompatibility is an important evolutionary feature in angiosperms and has major implications for breeding strategies in horticultural crops. In citrus, when coupled with parthenocarpy, it enables the production of seedless fruits in a mono-varietal orchard. A gametophytic incompatibility system with one S locus was proposed for citrus, but its molecular mechanisms remain the subject of debate. The objective of this work was to locate the S locus by the analyzing segregation distortion in reciprocal crosses of two self-incompatible citrus sharing one self-incompatible allele and to compare this location with previously published models. High density genetic maps of ‘Fortune’ mandarin and ‘Ellendale tangor’ with, respectively, 2164 SNP and 1467 SNP markers, were constructed using genotyping by sequencing data. They are highly syntenic and collinear with the clementine genome. Complete rejection of one allele was only observed in male segregation in the two parents and in only one genomic area, at the beginning of chromosome 7 of the clementine reference genome. Haplotype data in the area surrounding the theoretical S locus were in agreement with previously proposed S genotypes. Overall, our results are in full agreement with the recently proposed gametophytic S-RNase system with the S locus at the beginning of chromosome 7 of the clementine reference genome.

show abstract

“…Long juvenile phases (often more than 5 years) are a major constraint to the success of transformation methods based on juvenile tissue explants and of conventional breeding programs. The development and commercial release of new varieties by traditional breeding may require a complete process that can range from 25 to 30 years ( Caruso et al, 2020 ). The discovery of novel genes implicated in citrus precocious flowering is relevant for the improvement of interesting traits, either by transgenesis or by conventional breeding.…”

Section: Early Flowering Induction To Reduce the Juvenile Phase Of Transgenic Citrusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citrus Genetic Transformation: An Overview of the Current Strategies and Insights on the New Emerging Technologies

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Citrus are among the most prevailing fruit crops produced worldwide. The implementation of effective and reliable breeding programs is essential for coping with the increasing demands of satisfactory yield and quality of the fruit as well as to deal with the negative impact of fast-spreading diseases. Conventional methods are time-consuming and of difficult application because of inherent factors of citrus biology, such as their prolonged juvenile period and a complex reproductive stage, sometimes presenting infertility, self-incompatibility, parthenocarpy, or polyembryony. Moreover, certain desirable traits are absent from cultivated or wild citrus genotypes. All these features are challenging for the incorporation of the desirable traits. In this regard, genetic engineering technologies offer a series of alternative approaches that allow overcoming the difficulties of conventional breeding programs. This review gives a detailed overview of the currently used strategies for the development of genetically modified citrus. We describe different aspects regarding genotype varieties used, including elite cultivars or extensively used scions and rootstocks. Furthermore, we discuss technical aspects of citrus genetic transformation procedures via Agrobacterium, regular physical methods, and magnetofection. Finally, we describe the selection of explants considering young and mature tissues, protoplast isolation, etc. We also address current protocols and novel approaches for improving the in vitro regeneration process, which is an important bottleneck for citrus genetic transformation. This review also explores alternative emerging transformation strategies applied to citrus species such as transient and tissue localized transformation. New breeding technologies, including cisgenesis, intragenesis, and genome editing by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR), are also discussed. Other relevant aspects comprising new promoters and reporter genes, marker-free systems, and strategies for induction of early flowering, are also addressed. We provided a future perspective on the use of current and new technologies in citrus and its potential impact on regulatory processes.

show abstract

Traditional breeding

Cited by 27 publications

References 108 publications

Parthenocarpy and Self-Incompatibility in Mandarins

Parthenocarpy and Self-Incompatibility in Mandarins

Segregation Distortion for Male Parents in High Density Genetic Maps from Reciprocal Crosses between Two Self-Incompatible Cultivars Confirms a Gametophytic System for Self-Incompatibility in Citrus

Citrus Genetic Transformation: An Overview of the Current Strategies and Insights on the New Emerging Technologies

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About