Traditional brick productions in Madagascar: From raw material processing to firing technology

Grifa, Celestino; Germinario, Chiara; Bonis, Alberto De; Mercurio, Mariano; Izzo, Francesco; Pepe, Francesco; Bareschino, Piero; Cucciniello, Ciro; Monetti, Vincenzo; Morra, Vincenzo; Cappelletti, Piergiulio; Cultrone, Giuseppe; Langella, Alessio

doi:10.1016/j.clay.2017.09.033

Cited by 27 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The presence of gehlenite, which was detected in samples S9, S10, S11, S13 and S15 allow us to hypothesize that these samples were fired at a temperature lower than 1050 • C (about 900-1000 • C) [51,52]. Sample S4, containing kaolinite, probably reached a low firing temperature of less than 700 • C or, it may have been exposed to a maximum temperature for a period of time that was too short to allow the destruction of the kaolinite [53][54][55][56][57][58]. Indeed, for samples S12, S13, S17, and S18, where primary calcite is present, it is possible to estimate a firing temperature lower than 700 • C [52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Kaolinite is present only in sample S4 ( Table 4); considering that this clay mineral is generally thermically stable up to 450-500 • C (even if strongly dehydroxylated) and it collapses at 750-800 • C, it is likely that the sample reached a low firing temperature of less than 700 • C. Another probable interpretation explaining the presence of kaolinite regards an exposure to maximum temperature, which was too short for kaolinite to be destroyed [53][54][55][56][57][58].…”

Section: Mineralogical Petrographic and Chemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Archaeometric Approach for Studying Architectural Earthenwares from the Archaeological Site of S. Omobono (Rome-Italy)

et al. 2019

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This paper reports the findings of an archaeometric study performed on 14 architectural earthenwares from the archaeological site of S. Omobono, located in the historic center of Rome (Italy). The archaeological site, accidentally discovered in 1937, includes the remains of a sacred area previously occupied by two temples, one of which was converted into the church of S. Omobono, in 1575. The samples, dated between the 7th and the 6th century BC, belong to different sectors of the site. Their petrographic, mineralogical and geochemical characterization was performed by optical microscopy (OM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA), and Raman spectroscopy (RS). The compositional data obtained were also subjected to the principal component analysis (PCA) in order to highlight similarities and differences among the samples. By combining geochemical and petrographic data, we were able to identify several different fabrics. Furthermore, the study provided valuable information on the firing temperatures of some samples and the provenance of the raw materials, by analyzing the chemical composition of clinopyroxenes present as non-plastic inclusions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mineralogical Petrographic and Chemical Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Archaeometric Approach for Studying Architectural Earthenwares from the Archaeological Site of S. Omobono (Rome-Italy)

et al. 2019

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“…This parameter in sedimentology is based on the effective diameter determining the grain size of a class obtained by sieving [33]. The circularity value (C = 4π (A/P 2 ), where A = area, P = perimeter) was considered as a shape descriptor [34,35].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As a hypothesis, the supra-regional distribution of Poseidonia's 5th-century BC amphorae has been attributed to Elea [1], also in view of the absence, at Poseidonia, of a suitable harbour [60] (pp. [34][35]. Notwithstanding and by contrast to Poseidonia, Elea's 5th-century BC coinage appears to be very weak and characterised by a low circulation of proper money-as well as of the amphorae-outside the city's territory [61], which seems to contradict an intensive involvement in 'international' trade.…”

Section: Archaeological and Historical Remarksmentioning

confidence: 99%

5th-Century BC Himera and the Campanian Connection: Petrographic and Archaeological Studies on Western Greek Amphorae from Poseidonia and Elea Unearthed in the Necropolis of Himera

et al. 2020

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Within the frame of an in-depth study of the corpus of about 560 western Greek transport amphorae (6th–5th century BC) yielded from excavations at the necropolis of the Dorian-Chalcidian colony of Himera in North-western Sicily, one of the most interesting issues consists in the determination of their provenance. Based on archaeological considerations, nearly 100 items have been attributed to southern Campania, specifically to Poseidonia and Elea. The present paper proposes a detailed combined archaeological-archaeometric investigation of 16 samples discovered at Himera and one at Jerba (Tunisia), of presumed Campanian provenance, compared with 4 local reference samples from Poseidonia and 6 samples of western Greek amphorae found at Pithekoussai and Elea, attributed to Poseidonia by previous archaeometric analysis. All samples have been submitted to a macroscopic fabric examination according to the standard methods of FACEM (Fabrics of the Central Mediterranean) and to petrographic investigation (polarised light microscopy) and digital image analyses of microstructures. Our study points to a Campanian provenance of the investigated amphorae and their distinction in a large group from Poseidonia and a small group from Elea. The identification of a numerous assemblage of 5th century BC Poseidonian transport vessels at Himera substantially underlines an earlier hypothesis about its ‘Campanian connection’ and allows for the reconstruction of an important Tyrrhenian commercial axis.

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“…The firing and cooling were conducted progressively. Firing temperature were found to produce huge impacts to brick's properties [9,38]. Commonly, the brick manufacturers used traditional big ovens or chambers that are not able to control air distribution and fire conditions [39].…”

Section: Methods Of Producing Brickmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Characterization of Sediments for Green Bricks Production

Ean¹,

Malek²,

Mohammed

et al. 2018

IJET

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Accumulation of dredged sediment has raised environmental concern in various countries. Recycling of sediment into bricks is a viable solution to the environmental pollution. Concerning to the utilization of sediment in bricks, this study reviews the needs of characterization on sediment and methods of producing sediment bricks. Particle size distribution was found to be the key criteria for characterization of sediment. Sizes of particles determined the function of the sediments in the bricks. In spite of that, leachability of heavy metals is another important aspect for contaminated sediment. Cementing bricks used cementing materials as the stabilization agent to the heavy metals. It is necessary to conduct leaching test for the end-product of the sediment to ensure the heavy metals leached are within the regulatory limits. In conclusion, method of producing sediment bricks may vary due to the various characteristics of sediment for a promising environmental friendly production.

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Traditional brick productions in Madagascar: From raw material processing to firing technology

Cited by 27 publications

References 43 publications

Archaeometric Approach for Studying Architectural Earthenwares from the Archaeological Site of S. Omobono (Rome-Italy)

Archaeometric Approach for Studying Architectural Earthenwares from the Archaeological Site of S. Omobono (Rome-Italy)

5th-Century BC Himera and the Campanian Connection: Petrographic and Archaeological Studies on Western Greek Amphorae from Poseidonia and Elea Unearthed in the Necropolis of Himera

A Review on Characterization of Sediments for Green Bricks Production

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