Traditional Uses, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Ficus auriculata: A Review

Abstract

Ficus auriculata belongs to family Moraceae. It is also known as Elephant earfig tree because of its large leaves. In India it is commonly known as Timla, Gular , Tirmal, Timal, Timbal, Tremal, Trimmal.. The plants are mainly distributed in temperate, tropical and subtropical regions of about 1800–2600 m altitude. It is native to Asia, especially in India, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia.The plants have great ethnomedicinal importance and are used in traditional folk medicine for curing many ailments in humans. The plants rich in Phytoconstituent e.g. alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins, glycosides, phytosterols, resins, phenols, tannins, diterpenes, flavonoids, proteins, and amino acids which are present in barks, leaves and fruit extract. The review reveals that huge numbers of phytochemicals which was isolated from the plant possesses the biological and pharmacological properties are shown by the bark, leaves and fruits extract of Ficus auriculata i.e antioxidant, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, histopathological studies, toxicity activity, anticancerous, antidiabatic, hyperlipidemic, hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory. Leaf extract has also an important role in Glutathione level in cardiac and also used as fodder for farming system, for medicinal properties and for further commercial purpose.
 Keywords: Ficus auriculata, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activity, Herbal Medicine

Traditional food systems of Kumaon region (Uttarakhand): A blend of taste with medicinal attributes

“…Flavonoids, terpenes, phyosterols [30 Phenolic compounds, Glucosides, alkaloids, phytosterols [31,32,33].…”

Recent advances in the discovery of plant-derived antimicrobial natural products to combat antimicrobial resistant pathogens: insights from 2018–2022

“…Leaves of this plant have been used as a paste for the treatment of wounds and the fruits have been used for hepatic and neurodegenerative diseases. 85 While the mechanism of action for the antibacterial activity of many avonoids remains unknown and many targets and MOAs have been proposed, it has been postulated that they may act through nonspecic action upon the bacterial cell membrane. Flavonoids have been found to permeate the cell membrane, 86 disrupt cellular membrane integrity, 87 and a relationship has been shown between their lipophilicity and antibacterial activity (Fig.…”

“…Leaves of this plant have been used as a paste for the treatment of wounds and the fruits have been used for hepatic and neurodegenerative diseases. 85…”

Insecticidal activities of two fig tree leaf extracts against the cotton pest Spodoptera litura (Fab.) and their impact on the non‐target red worm Eisenia foetida (Savigny)

“…), commonly known as the "Elephant ear fig," is primarily established in the tropical and subtropical zones of Asia, including countries like Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, and Malaysia (Elish, Temraz, & Hassan Baky 2023). F. auriculata has been actively utilized in traditional medicine to heal wounds and treat dysentery and diarrhea (Mehra & Tandon 2021). Shrestha et al (2023) recently illustrated that the methanol extract of F. auriculata is enriched with relatively large amounts of flavonoids and minerals, including potassium, copper, phosphorous, and zinc, among others.…”

“…), commonly known as the “Elephant ear fig,” is primarily established in the tropical and subtropical zones of Asia, including countries like Sri Lanka, India, Thailand, and Malaysia (Elish, Temraz, & Hassan Baky 2023). F. auriculata has been actively utilized in traditional medicine to heal wounds and treat dysentery and diarrhea (Mehra & Tandon 2021). Shrestha et al .…”