Traffic accidents, deaths and alcohol consumption

Abstract

The main goal of this paper is to analyze the relationship existing among prices of alcoholic beverages, alcohol consumption and traffic fatalities for the Spanish Autonomous Communities during the time interval 1998-2002. Among the main results, we highlight a positive correlation between alcohol consumption and traffic mortality rate. Basically, governments implement two kinds of policies to reduce the traffic mortality rate. One is oriented to control the supply of alcohol by increasing alcohol taxes. The other is oriented to preserve traffic security, increasing the number of sanctions for traffic rule infraction. We find evidence that both policies exert a positive influence in the reduction of traffic fatalities. There is no empirical evidence to indicate that being a novice driver increases the tendency to be involved in a mortal traffic accident

Risk Factors Affecting Fatal Versus Non-Fatal Road Traffic Accidents: The Case of Kars Province, Turkey

“…Over the past years, a great number of studies have concentrated on manifold factors influencing fatal and non-fatal road traffic accidents and their injury severity. Recent studies emphasized pre-crash human factors, such as alcohol consumption (Kim et al, 1995;Reynaud et al, 2002;Cummings et al, 2006;Yannis et al, 2008;Arranz and Gil, 2009;De Boni et al, 2013); seat-belt or Helmet usage (Cooper and Salzberg, 1993;Kim et al, 1995;Cummings et al, 2006); pre-crash vehicle factors such as the type of tyres (Strandoth et al, 2012;Elvik et al, 2013); at-crash vehicle factors such tire blow-outs, mechanical defects of the motor vehicles (Martin and Laumon, 2005;Barengo et al, 2006;Alam and Spainhour, 2009); pre-crash environmental factors such as roadway features or defects (Shankar et al, 1995;Karlaftis and Golias, 2002;Lee and Mannering, 2002;Chen and Chen, 2011;Kartal et al, 2011); at crash environmental factors such as road parameters, traffic signs, street lights, curbs or rumble strips (Hijar et al, 2000;Carson and Mannering, 2001;Zhou et al, 2005;Kim et al, 2007;Bombom and Edino, 2009;Šliupas, 2009;Pulugurtha and Bhatt, 2010;Jiang et al, 2011;Mamčic and Sivilevičius, 2013) using various statistical methods including logistic regression. In some researches, age (Cooper, 1990;Abdel-Aty et al, 1998;Zhang et al, 1998;Awadzi et al, 2008;Alam and Spainhour, 20...…”

The costs of avoiding accidents: Selective compliance and the ‘Peltzman effect’ in Italy

“…Or conversely, an increase in the unemployment rate may result in an increase in traffic fatalities and offenses because of an increase in alcohol consumption (see, e.g. Arranz & Gil, 2009;Carpenter & Dobkin, 2009;Sen & Mizzen, 2007). 21 We assume that alcohol demand is not inelastic, Fogarty (2009 take into account the findings of the literature on road safety which considers very young male as the most at risk of offense and accident involvement (Kirk & Stamatiadis, 2001;Lam, 2003;Masten & Hagge, 2004).…”

Child injury deaths linked with adult alcohol consumption: A time series analysis

“…To date, time series studies have consistently linked PCC with adult road crash, suicide, non-traffic unintentional injury, interpersonal violence, homicide, all injury and allcause mortality (Arranz and Gil, 2009;Caces and Harford, 1998; Carpenter and Dobkin, Hingson and Howland, 1993;Jayasekara et al, 2013;Kerr et al, 2011;Koski et al, 2007;Landen et al, 1997;Leon et al, 1997;Lester, 1995;Mann et al, 2006;Norström, 2011;Norström and Ramstedt, 2005;Norton and Morgan, 1989;Pearn et al, 1989;Ramstedt, 2001;Ramstedt, 2004;Skog, 2003;Skog, 2001a,b). Despite these results, with one exception, the relationship between measures of alcohol availability and child deaths has not been analysed (Sen, 2006).…”