Training of Peripheral Visual Acuity

Saugstad, Per; Lie, Ivar

doi:10.1111/j.1467-9450.1964.tb01427.x

Cited by 31 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…For both observers testing was monocular with the nondominant eye patched via a black occluder. Since the periphery is highly susceptible to the effects of practice (Saugstad and Lie, 1964;Johnson and Leibowitz, 1974;Fendick and Westheimer, 1983) the observers were given extensive practice (> 6000 trials) distributed across eccentricity, prior to the final data collection.…”

Section: Methods and Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

Vernier acuity, crowding and cortical magnification

1985

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Section: Methods and Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

Vernier acuity, crowding and cortical magnification

1985

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“…If the Ss are inexperienced, or if there is competition for attention, peripheral discrimination may be impaired. Both Low (1943) and Saugstad and Lie (1964) report that peripheral visual acuity increases with practice. Webster and Haslerud (1964) demonstrated that the accuracy with which Ss could report the presence of stimuli in the extreme periphery decreased when performance on a central task was improved by incentives (Bahrick, Fitts, & Rankin, 1952), and under adverse thermal conditions when the perceptual load of a central tracking task was high (Bursill, 1968).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of feedback on luminance thresholds for peripherally presented stimuli

Abernethy

Leibowitz

1971

Perception & Psychophysics

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“…The result of foveal testing cannot be assumed without testing, as the foveal area is believed to have refined visual functions due to everyday training (Saugstadt & Lie, 1964;Frendick & Westheimer, 1983;Vogels & Orban, 1985;Ball & Sekuler, 1987). Additionally, the parafoveal area may involve extra or even different learning processing from fovea (McKee & Westheimer, 1978;Saarinen & Levi, 1994;Lu & Dosher, 2004;Nakayama & Mackeben, 1989;Beard, Levi, & Reich, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In daily life, the fovea is involved in various visual tasks, e.g., fine spatial discrimination, and potential improvement is thought to be more limited than in parafovea (Saugstadt & Lie, 1964;Frendick & Westheimer, 1983). For tasks with existing fine performance (low threshold), such as motion and orientation discrimination for cardinal orientations in fovea, learning potential is less than that for tasks of oblique orientation and parafovea, because the former has been over-trained in everyday life (Vogels & Orban, 1985;Ball & Sekuler, 1987;Beard, Levi, & Reich, 1995).…”

Section: Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, performance improvement by practice in fovea can be attributed to fine tuning of the neural mechanisms mediating the task (McKee & Westheimer, 1978;Saarinen & Levi, 1994;Lu & Dosher, 2004), while learning occurring in parafovea is also related to improvement of attentional selection, i.e., learning to direct attention to peripheral targets (Saugstadt & Lie, 1964;Nakayama & Mackeben, 1989;Beard, Levi, & Reich, 1995). Therefore, by presenting the training stimuli (1.5°, 3 cpd) in fovea, we intend to test our hypothesis that plasticity of the inhibitory network still exists in this fully used retinal location.…”

Section: Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perceptual learning of binocular interactions.

Xu¹

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DEDICATIONThis dissertation is dedicated to my parents This dissertation focuses on the mechanisms and implications of perceptual learning of binocular interactions. Perceptual learning is an important means of adapting to the changing environment, demonstrating the possibility of neural plasticity in adults and providing a powerful approach to investigate dynamic processes in the mature perceptual system. Most studies on perceptual learning have focused on learning mechanisms that target excitatory circuits. However, we recognize that the inhibitory circuits also playa critical role in cortical plasticity, as shown by growing evidence from neurophysiological studies, and that the inhibitory connection is more dynamic than the excitatory connection in adult visual cortex. Thus, our goal is to design a psychophysical method that exploits the contribution of the inhibitory circuits to perceptual learning. This in turn helps us to implement more efficient learning paradigms for visual training.Our study capitalizes on properties of the binocular visual system, a good system for exploring both excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms. We first measured local Sensory Eye Dominance (SED) and showed that excessive SED can impede stereopsis ability. To reduce SED, a typical perceptual training paradigm (Push-only protocol) would only v stimulate the weak eye to target the excitatory network. In contrast, we designed a novel Push-Pull training protocol to target both the excitatory and inhibitory networks. By presenting binocular rivalry stimuli to both eyes, the push-pull protocol can excite the visual pathway of the weak eye (push), while inhibiting the visual pathway of the strong eye (pull). We found that the push-pull training protocol, mainly affecting the early visual processes, is more effective than the push-only protocol in reducing SED and enhancing stereoacuity, even beyond the focus of top-down attention through a stimulus-driven mechanism. We further demonstrated that the perceptual learning induced by the push-pull protocol involves both feature-based and boundary-based processes, and that the learning effect can be generalized to other stimulus dimensions within early feature channels. Therefore, our psychophysical study demonstrates the important role of inhibitory synaptic circuits in neural plasticity of the adult brain, and that our push-pull training protocol can be a more effective clinical training paradigm to treat amblyopia.vi

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Training of Peripheral Visual Acuity

Cited by 31 publications

References 7 publications

Vernier acuity, crowding and cortical magnification

Vernier acuity, crowding and cortical magnification

The effect of feedback on luminance thresholds for peripherally presented stimuli

Perceptual learning of binocular interactions.

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