Training Pilots for Unexpected Events: A Simulator Study on the Advantage of Unpredictable and Variable Scenarios

Landman, Annemarie; Oorschot, Peter van; Paassen, M.M. van; Groen, Eric L.; Bronkhorst, Adelbert W.

doi:10.1177/0018720818779928

Cited by 43 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Eight studies investigate motion (Bürki-Cohen & Go, 2005;Bürki-Cohen et al, 2007;Grundy et al, 2016;Mulder et al, 2013;Nieuwenhuizen et al, 2013;Pool et al, 2016;Sparko et al, 2010;Zaal et al, 2015). Five studies examine abnormal (unexpected) events (Casner et al, 2012;Koglbauer, 2016;Landman et al, 2018;Leland et al, 2009;Rogers et al, 2009Rogers et al, , 2010. Three studies explore control tasks (Cardullo et al, 2011;Donderi et al, 2012;Pool & Zaal, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Training in an FFS may aid reaction to abnormal and unexpected events, but differences between the treatment and control groups were not statistically significant in some testing conditions (Casner et al, 2012;Landman et al, 2018). It also appears possible that pilot experience can influence the transfer of skills, as well as the degree of skills and behaviors learned, to another environment (Pool et al, 2016;Pool & Zaal, 2015).…”

Section: Summary Of the Findings From The Primary Studiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Several studies had relatively small sample sizes (Nullmeyer et al, 2006;Roessingh, 2005;Cardullo et al, 2011;Nieuwenhuizen et al, 2013;Bürki-Cohen et al, 2007;Casner et al, 2012;Landman et al, 2018;Pool et al, 2016;Pool & Zaal, 2015;Svensson et al, 2013). Several studies examined subjective self-report measures (Bürki-Cohen et al, 2007;Landman et al, 2018;Nullmeyer et al, 2006;Svensson et al, 2013;Zaal et al, 2015); although a few also collected objective data (i.e., simulator and flight parameters). Obviously, these weaknesses are weaknesses in the literature that could be addressed in future research using improved data collection methods and analyses.…”

Section: Does Integration Of the 3 Componentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Research Recommendations from the Airplane Simulation Transfer Literature

Neal¹,

Fussell²,

Hampton³

2020

JAAER

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Summary Of the Findings From The Primary Studiesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Does Integration Of the 3 Componentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Research Recommendations from the Airplane Simulation Transfer Literature

Neal¹,

Fussell²,

Hampton³

2020

JAAER

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Addressing this, the authors of [33] argue that unpredictability and variability in simulator training improves performance when encountering surprise scenarios. While their work uses failure scenarios instead of malicious interference, the arguments remain valid.…”

Section: B Simulator Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A View from the Cockpit: Exploring Pilot Reactions to Attacks on Avionic Systems

Smith¹,

Strohmeier²,

Harman³

et al. 2020

Proceedings 2020 Network and Distributed System Security Symposium

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Many wireless communications systems found in aircraft lack standard security mechanisms, leaving them vulnerable to attack. With affordable software-defined radios readily available, a novel threat has emerged which allows a wide range of attackers to easily interfere with wireless avionic systems. Whilst these vulnerabilities are known, predicting their ultimate effect is difficult. A major factor in this effect is how flight crew respond, especially whether their extensive training in fault handling helps them to manage attacks. To investigate this we conducted a user study, inviting 30 Airbus A320 type-rated pilots to fly simulator scenarios in which they were subjected to attacks on their avionics. We use wireless attacks on three safety-related systems, based on existing literature: Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS), Ground Proximity Warning System (GPWS) and the Instrument Landing System (ILS). To analyze their response, we collected control input data coupled with closed and open interview responses. We found that all three attack scenarios created significant control impact and disruption through missed approaches, avoidance maneuvers and diversions. They further increased workload, distrust in the affected system, and for each attack, at least a third of our participants switched off the system entirely-even if they were important safety systems. All pilots felt the scenarios were useful, with 93.3% feeling that simulator training for wireless attacks could be valuable.

show abstract

“…Simulation is deeply rooted in the aviation industry, where it is used in pilot assessment and certification [ 1 , 2 ]. All pilots undergo training and recertification in a simulator every six months, where they are exposed to a wide range of flight conditions [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation-Based Virtual-Reality Patient-Specific Rehearsal Prior to Endovascular Procedures: A Systematic Review

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Patient-specific rehearsal (PsR) is a new concept whereby a procedure can be rehearsed virtually using the exact patient’s anatomical data prior to performing the real procedure. The aim of this study was to ascertain if endovascular virtual-reality PsR simulation enhanced performance in real life. This was done by performing a systematic review following the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library and Web of Science concerning PsR in endovascular procedures. All publications were handled using Covidence. Reference lists were also screened. Data extracted from the studies were realism rating, procedure time, fluoroscopy time, contrast volume, number of angiograms and reduction of errors. Kirkpatrick’s four-level model for measuring the efficiency of training was used for guidance of the relevance of studies. The search yielded 1155 results after the exclusion of duplicates, and 11 studies were included. Four studies had a control group, including one randomized trial; the remaining seven were feasibility studies. The realism was rated high, and overall, the studies showed improvements in procedure time, fluoroscopy time and contrast volume after PsR. One study assessed and confirmed the reduction in errors after PsR. Only two studies included more than 15 patients in their cohort. Kirkpatrick’s model was applied to all studies, with one study reaching level 4. All studies found the concept of PsR to be feasible and realistic. The studies with a control group showed a reduction of overall procedure time, radiation exposure and potential errors in endovascular procedures following PsR.

show abstract

Training Pilots for Unexpected Events: A Simulator Study on the Advantage of Unpredictable and Variable Scenarios

Cited by 43 publications

References 19 publications

Research Recommendations from the Airplane Simulation Transfer Literature

Research Recommendations from the Airplane Simulation Transfer Literature

A View from the Cockpit: Exploring Pilot Reactions to Attacks on Avionic Systems

Simulation-Based Virtual-Reality Patient-Specific Rehearsal Prior to Endovascular Procedures: A Systematic Review

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About