Trait and perceived environmental competitiveness in achievement situations

Elliot, Andrew J.; Jury, Mickaël; Murayama, Kou

doi:10.1111/jopy.12320

Cited by 56 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 88 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In fact, examining the relationship between both psychometric self-reported and economic behavioral measurements, Bönte et al (2017a) report that self-reported measures of individual competitiveness can reflect a wide variety of motives for favoring competition and, in particular, are likely to reflect personal development motives. This is consistent with findings that self-reported attitudes toward competition significantly relate to achievement motivations (Elliot et al 2018). Furthermore, Bönte and Piegeler (2013) do not control for individuals' desire to win or the heterogeneity in individuals' expectations to win in competitions.…”

Section: Entrepreneurs' Enjoyment Of Competitionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Entrepreneurs embrace competition: evidence from a lab-in-the-field study

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Referring to Isreal M. Kirzner (1973) and Schumpeter (1934), who emphasized the competitive nature of entrepreneurship, this study investigates whether potential and revealed entrepreneurs are more likely to seek competition than non-entrepreneurs. We provide a conceptual framework that links entrepreneurship to three facets of individual competitiveness drawn from economic, entrepreneurship, and psychological research: a desire to win, striving for personal development, and an enjoyment of competition. Following economic research linking competitive behavior in experiments to career choices, we conduct a lab-in-the-field study and demonstrate that entrepreneurs are more likely to enter competitions than non-entrepreneurs. Accounting for individual desires to win and masteryrelated achievement motivations, our results indicate that entrepreneurs tend to enter competition for the sake of competition itself rather than for the prospect of winning it or personal development. Our results suggest that enjoyment of competition might be an additional factor driving entrepreneurs' market entry decisions beyond well-known factors like overconfidence and risk-taking.

show abstract

Section: Entrepreneurs' Enjoyment Of Competitionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Entrepreneurs embrace competition: evidence from a lab-in-the-field study

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It may also be that even though most students perceive their environment to be competitive, they may also perceive themselves as doing relatively well compared to the others, and the negative effects of competition may only arise when students know they are falling behind. In response to a meta-analytic finding of no (or small) influence of competitiveness on performance (Murayama & Elliot, 2012), performance goals were investigated as a potential mediator (Elliot, Jury, & Murayama, 2018). Elliot et al (2018) found that undergraduate psychology students who adopted performance approach goals in response to competitiveness performed better than students who adopted performance-avoidance goals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In response to a meta-analytic finding of no (or small) influence of competitiveness on performance (Murayama & Elliot, 2012), performance goals were investigated as a potential mediator (Elliot, Jury, & Murayama, 2018). Elliot et al (2018) found that undergraduate psychology students who adopted performance approach goals in response to competitiveness performed better than students who adopted performance-avoidance goals. In light of this and given the mixed results in the literature on competitiveness in music education, we suggest caution in interpreting this result, and that further research more closely examines a range of outcomes and mediators that could potentially be associated with competitiveness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Motivation to pursue a career in music: The role of social constraints in university music programs

Miksza

Evans

McPherson

2019

Psychology of Music

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The purpose of this study was twofold: (1) to describe university music students' perceptions of competitiveness, perfectionism, and teacher control in conservatory-style learning environments, and (2) to test a theoretical model of a network of relationships among perceptions of competitiveness, perfectionism, teacher control, quality of motivation, and intentions to pursue a career in music. Participants were undergraduate and graduate music majors from schools of music in the Midwestern United States and Australia. Results revealed that commitment to a career in music was strong, autonomous motivation orientations were more strongly endorsed than controlled motivation orientations, reports of teacher control and socially prescribed perfectionism were weak, whereas reports of competitiveness were strong. Path analyses indicated that those with stronger career intentions also have stronger autonomous motivation orientations and perceive their teachers as more controlling. Autonomous motivation orientations were stronger for those who perceive their environment to be more competitive and weaker for those who experience more perfectionism and teacher control. Participants reporting greater perceptions of teacher control and more perfectionism tended to report weaker career intentions by virtue of the indirect relationships of the variables through autonomous motivation. In contrast, those who experienced greater degrees of perfectionism tended to report stronger controlled motivation orientations.

show abstract

“…Moreover, the perceived competitiveness and approach-avoidance motivation variables were self-reported. We argued that perceiving others as competitive in one's social environment predicts appetitive and aversive competitive motivation (i.e., the tested model), but others could argue that competitive motivations may predict the perception that others are competitive (i.e., reverse causation; see Elliot, Jury, & Murayama, 2018). However, from a theoretical perspective, perceived competitiveness is presumed to activate general competitive concerns, which are then regulated by appetitive and aversive competitive motivation, not vice versa (see Murayama & Elliot, 2012).…”

Section: Present Researchmentioning

confidence: 97%

Income inequality, perceived competitiveness, and approach‐avoidance motivation

Sommet

Elliot

Jamieson

et al. 2018

Journal of Personality

Self Cite

111

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective Scholars disagree on whether income inequality has incentive or disincentive effects. In the present research, we move beyond such debate and focus on the motivational processes that income inequality predicts. First, income inequality makes economic stratification salient; therefore, it should promote perceived competitiveness. Second, competitiveness can be appraised as both a challenge and a threat; therefore, it should promote both approach and avoidance motivation. Method In three studies (N = 2,543), U.S. residents from various ZIP codes reported the extent to which they perceived competitiveness in their town/city (Studies 1–3), as well as their economic achievement goals, achievement motives, and self‐regulatory foci (Studies 2–3). Results Level of local income inequality was found to be a positive predictor—via increased perceived competitiveness—of other‐approach economic goals, need for achievement, and promotion focus, as well as other‐avoidance economic goals, fear of failure (specifically, the shame/embarrassment component), and prevention focus. Furthermore, actual and perceived income inequality were positively correlated. Conclusions The conceptual and empirical work herein is the first to show how the economic environment predicts individuals’ perceptions of competitiveness, influencing personal goals, motives, and orientations. It provides a more nuanced perspective on the implications of income inequality than perspectives currently available.

show abstract

Trait and perceived environmental competitiveness in achievement situations

Abstract: These studies highlight the importance of attending to the interplay of the person and the (perceived) situation in analyses of competitive striving.

Cited by 56 publications

References 88 publications

Entrepreneurs embrace competition: evidence from a lab-in-the-field study

Entrepreneurs embrace competition: evidence from a lab-in-the-field study

Motivation to pursue a career in music: The role of social constraints in university music programs

Income inequality, perceived competitiveness, and approach‐avoidance motivation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About