Traitement d'urgence des contaminations internes par les transuraniens. Une nouvelle forme galénique du Na₃CaDTPA micronisé

Abstract

RÉSUMÉLe traitement d'urgence des contaminations respiratoires par le plutonium et les transuraniens s'appuie sur l'emploi précoce d'un chélateur, le Na,CaDTPA sous fonne trisodique. L'administration locale du principe actif s'effectue au moyen d'un appareil, le Spinhaler@, qui délivre le principe actif sous forme micronisée sans gaz propulseur. Les études menées par la pharmacie centrale des armées qui produit ce traitement ont conduit à la modification de la forme galénique du Na,CaDTPA administrée pour en améliorer la diffusion intrapulmonaire. Ce traitement, sans effet secondaire, est pratiqué sur simple présomption de contamination pulmonaire. La facilité d'emploi en autorise l'utilisation précoce à un grand nombre de victimes suspectes de radiocontamination. II ne saurait, néanmoins, se substituer aux autres formes de traitement, notamment intraveineuses, prescrites par des médecins en cas de contamination avérée.ABSTRACT Emergency treatment of pulmonary contaminations hy transuranium elements.A new galenic form of Na,CaDTPA. The emergency treatment of pulmonary contamination hy plutonium and transuranium elements needs the early use of a chelator, the Na,CaDTPA under monocalcic tnsodic form. The local administration of the active principle is carried out by an appliance, the Spinhaler@, which delivers the active principle under micronised form without any propelled gas. The French Military Health Service is the manufacturer which produces this treatment and has studied a modication of the galenic form of N%CaDTPA to improve the intrapulmonary distribution. This treatment, without any secondary effect, is pro@ even for a presumed pulmonary contamination. Its easy use allows an early administration for a large numher of people supposed to be contaminated. However, it cannot take the place of the other forms of treatment, especially intraveinous, which needs a medical prescription in case of an established contamination. Article published by EDP Sciences and available at http://www.edpsciences.org/radiopro Article published by EDP Sciences and available at http://www.edpsciences.org/radiopro H. TYMEN et ul.

Chelation of Actinides

“…111 In parallel, the French military complex produced a micronized dry powder of Dtpa, of which only 3% deposited in the alveolar region of the lungs when inhaled through a dry powder inhaler (Spinhaler®). 112 In spite of such low aerosolization performance, this product is currently available in France for emergency administration to nuclear workers exposed to pu. In more recent studies, porous particles were prepared by spray-drying Dtpa in a mixture of ethanol and water together with excipient dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine and ammonium bicarbonate.…”