Trajectories of resilience and dysfunction following potential trauma: A review and statistical evaluation

Galatzer‐Levy, Isaac R.; Huang, Sandy H.; Bonanno, George A.

doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2018.05.008

Cited by 603 publications

(705 citation statements)

References 104 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

589

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Results from the current study are consistent with the study hypotheses and support a growing body of literature (Galatzer‐Levy et al., ) that indicates four heterogeneous PTSS trajectories in survivors of mass trauma: low symptom (74.9%), recovering (8.0%), worsening (6.7%), and chronic (10.4%). After we accounted for various sociodemographic characteristics, exposure levels, and additional life stressors, relatively few participants’ PTSS changed over a period of 10–11 years (14.7%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The four trajectories identified in WTC tower survivors are similar to those found in WTC police responders and the general population, which demonstrates that similar posttraumatic responses are found across populations of first responders and civilians (Feder et al., ; Galatzer‐Levy et al., ; Pietrzak, Feder, Singh et al., ). When considering other WTC cohorts, fewer tower survivors from the current study were identified as having stable low symptoms and more were identified as having chronically elevated PTSS (10.4%) than in samples of police responders (4.4–5.3%; Feder et al., ; Pietrzak, Feder, Singh et al., ); New York area residents and workers (8.0%; Welch et al., ); and rescue, recovery, and clean‐up workers (4.0%; Maslow et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

“…Studies of WTC first responders, rescue and recovery workers, and New York metropolitan-area residents have identified between four and six PTSS trajectories (Feder et al, 2016;Maslow et al, 2015;Pietrzak, Feder, Singh et al, 2014;Welch et al, 2016). Similar to findings related to WTC survivors, other studies of PTSS in various populations and in response to numerous types of traumas have typically found four trajectories: low symptom, recovering, worsening, and chronically elevated (see Bonanno & Mancini, 2012;Galatzer-Levy, Huang, & Bonanno, 2018). However, it is unclear whether different symptoms of PTSD are uniquely associated with the identified trajectories.…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Posttraumatic Stress Trajectories in World Trade Center Tower Survivors: Hyperarousal and Emotional Numbing Predict Symptom Change

Adams

Allwood

Bowler

2019

Journal of Traumatic Stress

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

There is a paucity of knowledge concerning the underlying symptomatology of heterogeneous posttraumatic stress symptom (PTSS) trajectories following mass trauma, such as a terrorist attack. This study examined longitudinal PTSS trajectories using latent growth mixture modeling in 2,355 World Trade Center (WTC) tower survivors surveyed by the WTC Health Registry an average of 2.5, 5.5, and 10.5 years after the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. Covariates included sociodemographic characteristics, WTC‐related exposure, and other traumas/stressors. Four curvilinear PTSS trajectories were identified: low symptom (74.9%), recovering (8.0%), worsening (6.7%), and chronic (10.4%). The majority of WTC survivors (85.3%) maintained stable symptom trajectories over time, with PTSS changes occurring less often. Although WTC‐related exposure was associated with initial PTSS severity, exposure was not associated with chronicity or change of PTSS over time. Male gender and a higher number of post‐WTC disaster life‐stressors were associated with worsening symptom severity over time. Individuals with more severe hyperarousal symptoms at Wave 1, particularly of anxious arousal, were more likely to have PTSS that worsened over time, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.55. Less severe emotional numbing symptoms, particularly of dysphoria, at Wave 1, were marginally significantly associated with subsequent PTSS recovery, aOR = 0.75. Interventions that target hyperarousal and emotional numbing symptoms may mitigate a worsening of symptoms and facilitate posttraumatic recovery following future mass traumas, such as terrorist attacks. Further clinical implications are discussed.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

mentioning

confidence: 94%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Posttraumatic Stress Trajectories in World Trade Center Tower Survivors: Hyperarousal and Emotional Numbing Predict Symptom Change

Adams

Allwood

Bowler

2019

Journal of Traumatic Stress

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The vulnerable trajectory (10.6% on average) is defined by a relatively high level of psychological impairment, which may persist for years. The smallest subgroup of individuals experiences a delayed reaction (8.9% on average) with low psychological impairment around the baseline, followed by a progressive increase in psychological impairment (Galatzer-Levy, Huang, & Bonanno, 2018).…”

Section: Psychological Distress Trajectories In Chronic Physical Healmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological distress trajectories in chronic physical health conditions.

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective. The onset of a chronic health condition (CHC) can have a severe impact on an individual's life, affecting mental and physical health. This study's goal was to investigate psychological distress trajectories starting from one year before to four years after the onset of a physical CHC. The specific aims were to identify the number and shape of longitudinal psychological distress trajectories and to test health-related, psychological, social, and demographic factors predicting these trajectories.Methods. Two samples were drawn from the Swiss Household Panel dataset: a CHC sample (n = 361) and a 1 to 1 matched comparison sample of healthy individuals. Latent growth mixture modeling was used to identify psychological distress trajectories over six years. Factors predicting trajectories were then tested using multinomial logistic regression.Results. Four psychological distress trajectories were identified in the CHC sample: resilience (53.9%), chronic (22.2%), delayed (15.0%), and recovery (8.9%). In the comparison sample, two trajectories were identified: low psychological distress (90%) and elevated psychological distress (10%). Protective factors associated with resilient trajectory membership in the CHC sample are higher emotional stability, higher relationship satisfaction, and male gender.Conclusion. Individuals living with a CHC have an increased risk of vulnerability compared to a sample of healthy individuals. This advocates awareness of mental health issues following the onset of a CHC. In this regard, biopsychosocial factors (gender, emotional stability, and relationship satisfaction) offer prevention and intervention opportunities for more vulnerable individuals.

show abstract

“…However, only a subset of individuals exposed to traumatic stressors subsequently develops such disorders, indicating that many can be considered resilient to those effects on psychopathology [Galatzer-Levy et al 2018;Kalisch et al 2014] While varying definitions exist in the literature, most conceptualize psychological resilience as successful adaptation in the face of adversity -often facilitated by personality traits or other individual differences [Kalisch et al 2017;Pietrzak et al 2014], and reflected in the absence of negative mental health outcomes where otherwise expected [Bonanno et al 2011;Southwick and Charney 2012].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genomewide Analyses of Psychological Resilience in US Army Soldiers

Stein

Choi

Jain

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Though a growing body of preclinical and translational research is illuminating a biological basis for resilience to stress, little is known about the genetic basis of psychological resilience in humans. We conducted genomewide association studies (GWAS) of self-assessed (by questionnaire) and outcome-based (incident mental disorders from pre-to post-deployment) resilience among European (EUR) ancestry soldiers in the Army Study To Assess Risk and Resilience in Servicemembers (STARRS). Self-assessed resilience (N=11,492) was found to have significant common-variant heritability (h 2 =0.162, se=0.050, p=5.37e-4), and to be significantly negatively genetically correlated with neuroticism (r g = -0.388, p=0.0092). GWAS results from the EUR soldiers revealed a genomewide significant locus (4 SNPs in LD; top SNP: rs4260523, p=5.654e-09) on an intergenic region on Chr 4 upstream from DCLK2(Doublecortin-Like Kinase 2), a member of the doublecortin (DCX) family of kinases that promote survival and regeneration of injured neurons. A second gene, KLHL36 (Kelch Like Family Member 36) was detected at gene-wise genomewide significance (p=1.89e-06). A polygenic risk score derived from the self-assessed resilience GWAS was not significantly associated with outcome-based resilience. In very preliminary results, genomewide significant association with outcome-based resilience was found for one locus (top SNP: rs12580015) on Chr 12 downstream from SLC15A5 (solute carrier family 15 member 5) in the small group (N=581) of subjects exposed to the highest level of deployment stress. The further study of genetic determinants of resilience has the potential to illuminate the molecular bases of stress-related psychopathology and potentially point to new avenues for therapeutic intervention.

show abstract

Trajectories of resilience and dysfunction following potential trauma: A review and statistical evaluation

Cited by 603 publications

References 104 publications

Posttraumatic Stress Trajectories in World Trade Center Tower Survivors: Hyperarousal and Emotional Numbing Predict Symptom Change

Posttraumatic Stress Trajectories in World Trade Center Tower Survivors: Hyperarousal and Emotional Numbing Predict Symptom Change

Psychological distress trajectories in chronic physical health conditions.

Genomewide Analyses of Psychological Resilience in US Army Soldiers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About