Trans-Atlantic responses of Calanus finmarchicus populations to basin-scale forcing associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation

Greene, Charles H.; Pershing, Andrew J.; Conversi, Alessandra; Planque, Benjamin; Hannah, Charles G.; Sameoto, D. D.; Head, Erica J. H.; Smith, Peter C.; Reid, Philip C.; Jossi, Jack W.; Mountain, David; Benfield, Mark C.; Wiebe, Peter H.; Durbin, Edward G.

doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2003.08.009

Cited by 80 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…This phenomenon explains why all species in an ecosystem do not exhibit a shift [45,87], and, if a limited 2002 2003 1999 2000 2001 1989 1990 1991 1996 1997 1998 1992 1993 1994 1995 1984 1986 1985 1987 1988 1977 1978 1976 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1972 1973 1974 1971 1975 1960 1961 1962 1963 1968 1970 1969 1964 1965 1966 To address this question, we analysed the first three PCs originating from the PCAs performed for each ecosystem to reveal the NH biological state (BioPC), together with climate indicators (NHT, AO, PDO and AMO) and with long-term spatial variations in NHTs and SLPs. These variables were chosen because previous studies have suggested that temperature may affect the biogeographical distribution of many pelagic organisms [7,69], while changes in the main pressure centres can influence ocean circulation and the biological processes [41,43,[88][89][90], as well as local temperature [6]. We searched for potential lags in the responses of all regions to large-scale hydro-climatic forcing but no lag was observed using cross-correlation analysis and cross-correlograms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchronous marine pelagic regime shifts in the Northern Hemisphere

Beaugrand

Conversi

Chiba

et al. 2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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Regime shifts are characterized by sudden, substantial and temporally persistent changes in the state of an ecosystem. They involve major biological modifications and often have important implications for exploited living resources. In this study, we examine whether regime shifts observed in 11 marine systems from two oceans and three regional seas in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) are synchronous, applying the same methodology to all. We primarily infer marine pelagic regime shifts from abrupt shifts in zooplankton assemblages, with the exception of the East Pacific where ecosystem changes are inferred from fish. Our analyses provide evidence for quasi-synchronicity of marine pelagic regime shifts both within and between ocean basins, although these shifts lie embedded within considerable regional variability at both year-to-year and lower-frequency time scales. In particular, a regime shift was detected in the late 1980s in many studied marine regions, although the exact year of the observed shift varied somewhat from one basin to another. Another regime shift was also identified in the mid- to late 1970s but concerned less marine regions. We subsequently analyse the main biological signals in relation to changes in NH temperature and pressure anomalies. The results suggest that the main factor synchronizing regime shifts on large scales is NH temperature; however, changes in atmospheric circulation also appear important. We propose that this quasi-synchronous shift could represent the variably lagged biological response in each ecosystem to a large-scale, NH change of the climatic system, involving both an increase in NH temperature and a strongly positive phase of the Arctic Oscillation. Further investigation is needed to determine the relative roles of changes in temperature and atmospheric pressure patterns and their resultant teleconnections in synchronizing regime shifts at large scales.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchronous marine pelagic regime shifts in the Northern Hemisphere

Beaugrand

Conversi

Chiba

et al. 2015

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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“…However, the correlation between abundance of this copepod and the NAO index appears to be negative in the NE Atlantic and North Sea, but positive in the NW Atlantic and Gulf of Maine , Drinkwater et al 2003, Greene et al 2003a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…Conversi et al (2001) found no significant relationship between the NAO index and winter abundance of C. finmarchicus. The weak positive correlation for the GOM (with a 4 yr lag) for 1961 to 1989 (Greene & Pershing 2000) became non-significant when data for the 1990s were included (Greene et al 2003a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…One of the effects of the NAO is its influence on the shallow-and deep-water circulation in the western North Atlantic (Greene & Pershing 2000, MERCINA Working Group 2001, Greene et al 2003a. During positive phases, convection is deeper and more intense in the Labrador Sea, and a relatively cool, fresh and thick layer of Labrador Sea water is formed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Zooplankton of Massachusetts Bay, USA, 19922003: relationships between the copepod Calanus finmarchicus and the North Atlantic Oscillation

Turner¹,

Borkman²,

Hunt³

2006

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Zooplankton community analyses were performed on 102 µm mesh net samples from 1992 to 2003 from 2 stations, in Massachusetts Bay, USA, approximately 15 km offshore from Boston Harbor. There was significant (p < 0.05) negative correlation, with no temporal lag, between the boreal winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index and winter abundance of Calanus finmarchicus adults plus copepodites (CI to CV) at both stations. The negative correlation between the NAO Index and C. finmarchicus is the opposite of the positive relation emerging from other long-term studies in the Gulf of Maine (GOM) region, but is similar to the negative correlation in many areas of the NE Atlantic. Our data reflect primarily abundance of younger copepodites, which dominated our C. finmarchicus data. These younger copepodites had probably been produced during the first winter cohorts of C. finmarchicus each year, and were only weeks to months old upon capture. Previous positive correlations between C. finmarchicus abundance and the NAO index reported in the literature, with temporal lags of 2 to 4 yr, reflected data for larger CV and adult C. finmarchicus, which had probably been produced the previous year and had overwintered in deep basins in the Gulf of Maine. These older individuals would probably have been more subject to longer-term effects of NAO variability on large-scale interannual circulation patterns than the younger copepodites in our samples, which appeared to be more related to short-term climatic variability. Significant negative correlation between wind speed and abundance of C. finmarchicus supported this conclusion.

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“…The principal prey species of Eubalaena glacialis is the later stages of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus (Kenney et al 1986, Baumgartner & Mate 2003, Michaud & Taggart 2007, the abundance of which can be highly variable, both seasonally and annually, and appears to be influenced by climate (Conversi et al 2001, Greene et al 2003, Pershing et al 2005. Right whales must find prey patches dense enough for feeding to be energetically efficient (Kenney et al 1986, Baumgartner & Mate 2003, Michaud & Taggart 2007 because they are essentially ram filter feeders without the ability to concentrate prey (Baumgartner et al 2007).…”

Section: Blubber Thickness and Nutritional Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

Blubber thickness in right whales Eubalaena glacialis and Eubalaena australis related with reproduction, life history status and prey abundance

Miller¹,

Reeb²,

Best³

et al. 2011

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

116

190

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The high variability in reproductive performance of North Atlantic right whales Eubalaena glacialis compared to southern right whales Eubalaena australis may reflect differences in lipid reserves. Amplitude-mode ultrasound was used to measure the thickness of right whale integument (epidermis and blubber, herein referred to as blubber thickness) in E. glacialis in the Bay of Fundy, Canada for 5 summer seasons and in E. australis off the South African coast for 2 austral winter seasons. E. glacialis had significantly thinner blubber layers (mean ±1 SD = 12.23 ± 2.16 cm, n = 172) than E. australis (16.13 ± 3.88 cm, n = 117), suggesting differing levels of nutrition between the 2 species. Blubber was thickest in females measured 3 to 6 mo prior to the start of pregnancy (E. glacialis), thinner during lactation (E. glacialis, E. australis) and then thicker with time after weaning (E. glacialis). These results suggest that lipids in blubber are used as energetic support for reproduction in female right whales. Blubber thickness increased in calves during suckling (E. glacialis, E. australis) but subsequently decreased after weaning (E. glacialis). Juvenile and adult male E. glacialis blubber thicknesses were compared between years of differing prey Calanus finmarchicus abundances (data from Pershing et al. 2005; ICES J Mar Sci 62:1511-1523; during a year of low prey abundance whales had significantly thinner blubber than during years of greater prey abundance. Taken together, these results suggest that blubber thickness is indicative of right whale energy balance and that the marked fluctuations in North Atlantic right whale reproduction have a nutritional component.

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Trans-Atlantic responses of Calanus finmarchicus populations to basin-scale forcing associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation

Cited by 80 publications

References 33 publications

Synchronous marine pelagic regime shifts in the Northern Hemisphere

Synchronous marine pelagic regime shifts in the Northern Hemisphere

Zooplankton of Massachusetts Bay, USA, 19922003: relationships between the copepod Calanus finmarchicus and the North Atlantic Oscillation

Blubber thickness in right whales Eubalaena glacialis and Eubalaena australis related with reproduction, life history status and prey abundance

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Trans-Atlantic responses of Calanus finmarchicus populations to basin-scale forcing associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation

Cited by 80 publications

References 33 publications

Synchronous marine pelagic regime shifts in the Northern Hemisphere

Synchronous marine pelagic regime shifts in the Northern Hemisphere

Zooplankton of Massachusetts Bay, USA, 19922003: relationships between the copepod Calanus finmarchicus and the North Atlantic Oscillation

Blubber thickness in right whales Eubalaena glacialis and Eubalaena australis related with reproduction, life history status and prey abundance

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Product

Resources

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Zooplankton of Massachusetts Bay, USA, 19922003: relationships between the copepod Calanus finmarchicus and the North Atlantic Oscillation