Trans triacylglycerols from dairy products and industrial hydrogenated oil exhibit different effects on the function of human umbilical vein endothelial cells via modulating phospholipase A2/arachidonic acid metabolism pathways

Abstract

Dairy fat intake has been considered as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Rodent models show that trans fatty acids in industrial hydrogenated oil and ruminant milk have different effects on cardiovascular diseases. One of the main reasons is that the distributions of trans fatty acids in triacylglycerols from dairy products and from industrial hydrogenated oil are different, which affects lipid absorption and metabolism. This study investigated the effects of 1,3-olein-2-elaidin (OEO, representing industrial hydrogenated oil triacylglycerols) and 1-vaccenic-2,3-olein (OOV, representing ruminant triacylglycerols in dairy products) on the function of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), including cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) exudation rate, and nitric oxide secretory and nitric oxide synthase relative activity. We found that the detrimental effect of OEO on HUVEC was significantly greater than that of OOV. The results also showed that the absorption rate of OEO in HUVEC (78.25%) was significantly greater than that of OOV (63.32%). Mechanistically, based on phospholipidomics analysis, we found that calcium-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2) played a key role with regard to the OOV-mediated arachidonic acid (ARA)/COX-2/PG pathway, whereas secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2) and cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) are responsible for the OEO-mediated ARA/COX-2/PG pathway. Moreover, OEO had a greater effect on the protein expression of COX-2 and PG secretion than OOV. In addition, iPLA2, sPLA2, and cPLA2 could mediate the ARA/CYP4A11 pathway in OOV-treated HUVEC, but only iPLA2 could mediate this pathway in HUVEC treated with OEO. We also found that sPLA2 could mediate the ARA/5-LOX pathway in HUVEC treated with OOV, but none of these 3 forms of PLA2 could mediate this pathway in HUVEC treated with OEO. On the other hand, after OOV treatment, trans-11 C18:1 was converted to beneficial forms of fatty acids in HUVEC, including conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and trans-9 C16:1. In conclusion, we elucidated the potential mechanisms that might account for the diverse effects of triacylglycerols from industrial hydrogenated oil and ruminant milk on the function of HUVEC.

Butter-Derived Ruminant Trans Fatty Acids Do Not Alleviate Atherosclerotic Lesions in High-Fat Diet-Fed ApoE–/– Mice

“…Lipid changes in vascular endothelial cells are closely related to human health and disease, especially the occurrence and development of AS. Currently, HUVECs are one of the models for studying CVD . Thus, we used HUVECs to conduct experiments to explore the mechanism of pro-AS of butter-derived R-TFA.…”

“…Currently, HUVECs are one of the models for studying CVD. 11 Thus, we used HUVECs to conduct experiments to explore the mechanism of pro-AS of butter-derived R-TFA. In cell experiments, the proportion of TFA in butter (9t16:1/9t18:1/11t18:1 = 1/0.73/1.26, w/w/ w) was used to prepare BR-TFA representing butter-derived R-TFA.…”

“…Therefore, this study hypothesized that R-TFA might have a positive effect on cardiovascular health. Currently, most research on R-TFA has only focused on the effects of individual R-TFA on cardiovascular health, such as 11t18:1. ,, However, a single R-TFA cannot represent the mixed R-TFA that people consume in their daily diets, such as dairy and ruminant meat products. Butter is a solid fat that is processed from milk.…”

“…In addition, lipid changes in vascular endothelial cells are closely related to the occurrence and development of AS. Currently, HUVECs are one of the cell models for studying CVD …”

“…Currently, HUVECs are one of the cell models for studying CVD. 11 Pathomorphology is a discipline that studies the pathological changes of the external morphological structure of host cells, tissues, and organs. At used to assess the degree of AS in mice tissues because of their ease of use and reliability.…”