Transactional analysis ego state functioning, psychological distress, and client change.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to explore construct validity of Transactional Analysis ego state concepts. Ego states are defined as coherent systems of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Sixtyfive students seeking therapy and 95 students not seeking therapy completed the Adjective Check List (ACL) and the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI). Ego state scores from the ACL correlated with BSI psychological distress in predicted directions. Statistically significant differences were found between four out of five ego state scores of students seeking therapy and those not seeking therapy. Four ego state scores changed in predicted directions for students receiving therapy. Relationships among TA ego states are examined and how they relate to client change is discussed.Many theories of personality and psychotherapy have been proposed since Freud first published his ideas outlining the workings of the human psyche. As psychotherapists we can choose from a variety of theoretical orientations, each one rich in detailed explanations of human experience. As scientists, however, we want to know that our practice is based on valid, empirically tested principles.Transactional Analysis (TA) is one of a number of theories that emerged fiom psychoanalytic tradi-

Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Stresle Başaçıkma: Transaksiyonel Analiz Ego Durumları Bağlamında Bir İnceleme

“…Findings discussed so far prove that ego states revealed significant relationships with coping styles. These findings are also consistent with the studies which determined the construct validity of ego states (Heyer, 1987;Arı, 1989;Emerson et al, 1994;Çam, 1995;Sevim, 1996;Çam, 1997;Deniz, 2002;Şamatacı, 2013;Durmaz, 2015;Torun, 2015). In other words, the findings of this study present clues regarding the construct validity of ego states.…”

“…These findings which are obtained for emotion-focused coping styles are supported by the research findings of Arı (1989) when coping is considered as an adjustment process. Some other findings of various studies (Emerson et al, 1994;Çam, 1995) are also consistent with these findings. Some experimental researches supporting the findings of this study identified a significant increase in scores from Nurturing Parent and Adult ego states and as well as a significant decrease in Critical Parent and Adapted Child ego states of university students who experienced some psychological problems and received therapy.…”

“…Another study determined relations between ego states and some psychological problems. Based on the findings obtained from this study, there were less psychological problems as the scores of Adult ego state increases; while the scores of Adapted Child ego state increase then the psychological problems were observed more often (Emerson, Bertoch and Checketts, 1994). Some experimental studies revealed that TA education had positive effects on psychological features such as individuals' self-concept, social adjustment (Woodward, 1974;Talob, 1994); locus of control (Knox, 1973); self-esteem (Sisson et al, 1977;Wissink, 1994) and communication skills (Çam, 1997).…”

“…Some experimental researches supporting the findings of this study identified a significant increase in scores from Nurturing Parent and Adult ego states and as well as a significant decrease in Critical Parent and Adapted Child ego states of university students who experienced some psychological problems and received therapy. This situation is considered as an indication of decrease in psychological problems and it is highlighted that ego states can be a useful tool to measure the change during therapy (Emerson et al, 1994). According to Table 7, there is a significant difference between groups according to their mean scores obtained from seeking of social support behavior which is one of the coping styles based on ego states (p<.001).…”

Alkoholfüggők hozzátartozóinak pszichológiai tapasztalatai és megküzdési stílusuk. Áttekintő tanulmány

“…A lehetséges nyereségek között a hasznosság élménye, a dominancia, a pozitívabb önértékelés, mások elismerésének igénye, illetve az intimitás elkerülése említhető meg (Komáromi, 2010). Bár a gyakorló szakemberek szívesen használják a játszmaértelmezést, empirikus vizsgálatok csak elvétve készültek a tranzakcióanalízis elméletének igazolására (Emerson, Bertoch, & Checketts, 1994;Keçeci & Taşocak, 2009;Loffredo, Harrington, Munoz, & Knowles, 2004;Temple, 2002).…”