Transboundary Environmental Stressors on India-Pakistan Relations: An Analysis of Shared Air and Water Resources

Miro, Michelle E.; Marlier, Miriam E.; Girven, Richard S.

doi:10.7249/rr2715

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Such extreme events serve as examples of the heightened attention the smog problem has increasingly received. On the other hand, there seems to be a lack of clarity regarding sources and transport mechanisms across states and countries in south Asia (Hindu, 2020; Miro et al., 2019), which could be limiting effective measures to address the smog. In addition, the possible role of climate variability in contributing to poor ventilation conditions, suggested as conducive for extreme haze formation in China (Zou et al., 2017), may be worth investigating for studying severe smog episodes in India.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme Smog Challenge of India Intensified by Increasing Lower Tropospheric Stability

Gautam

Patel

Singh

et al. 2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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Extreme smog in India widely impacts air quality in late autumn and winter months. While the links between emissions, air quality and health impacts are well‐recognized, the association of smog and its intensification with climatic trends in the lower troposphere, where aerosol pollution and its radiative effects manifest, are not understood well. Here we use long‐term satellite data to show a significant increase in aerosol exceedances over northern India, resulting in sustained atmospheric warming and surface cooling trends over the last two decades. We find several lines of evidence suggesting these aerosol radiative effects have induced a multidecadal (1980–2019) strengthening of lower tropospheric stability and increase in relative humidity, leading to over fivefold increase in poor visibility days. Given this crucial aerosol‐radiation‐meteorological feedback driving the smog intensification, results from this study would help inform mitigation strategies supporting stronger region‐wide measures, which are critical for solving the smog challenge in India.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme Smog Challenge of India Intensified by Increasing Lower Tropospheric Stability

Gautam

Patel

Singh

et al. 2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…A national policy across the three countries is recommended to focus on numerous action plans as listed. These include but are not limited to establishing a consensus between state- and nation-wide bodies on transportation and transboundary pollution [ 74 ]. Stringent emissions and air-control policies in accordance with institutional frameworks and with regulatory compliance are necessary.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indicators of Climate Change, Geospatial and Analytical Mapping of Trends in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh: An Observational Study

Falak

Ayub

Zahid

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The year 2022 has served as a recall for the impact that climate change has in the South Asian region, which is one of the most vulnerable regions to climate shock. With a paucity of climate-based and geospatial observational studies in South Asia, this paper (i) links power sectors and carbon dioxide emissions, (ii) maps nitrogen dioxide density across three countries (Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh), (iii) understands electricity generation trends and projects weather changes through 2100. We monitored data monitored between 1995 and 2021. The following databases were used: the International Energy Agency, the World Bank, the UN Food and Agricultural Organization. Raw data was obtained for climate indicators, which were entered into Microsoft Excel. Geospatial trends were generated in the ArcGIS geostatistical tool by adopting the ordinary kriging method to interpolate and create continuous surfaces depicting the concentration of nitrogen dioxide in the three countries. We found increased usage of coal and fossil fuels in three countries (Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh). Both were significant contributors to carbon dioxide emissions. The geographic localities in South Asia were densely clouded with nitrogen dioxide as reported with the tropospheric column mapping. There are expected to be increased days with a heat index >35 °C, and consecutive dry days from 2020 and 2100. We also found increased chances of flooding in certain regions across the three countries. This study monitored climate change indicators and projects between 1995 and 2100. Lastly, we make recommendations to improve the relationship of the environment and living beings.

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“…Such extreme events serve as examples of the heightened attention the smog problem has increasingly received. On the other hand, there seems to be a lack of clarity regarding sources and transport mechanisms across states and countries in south Asia (28,29), which could be limiting effective measures to curb the pollution. In addition, connections of largescale climatic patterns and interannual variability of aerosol pollution (15) may further add to the complexity of characterizing smog and its long-term intensification.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extreme smog challenge of India intensified by increasing lower tropospheric stability

Gautam¹,

Patel²,

Singh³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Extreme smog in India widely impacts air quality in late autumn and winter months. While the links between emissions and air quality are well-recognized, the association of smog and its intensification with climatic trends in the lower troposphere, where aerosol pollution and its radiative effects manifest, are not understood well. Here we use long-term satellite data to show a significant increase in aerosol exceedances over northern India, resulting in sustained atmospheric warming and surface cooling over the last two decades. We find several lines of evidence suggesting these aerosol radiative effects have induced a multidecadal (1980-2019) strengthening of lower tropospheric stability and an increase in relative humidity, leading to over fivefold increase in poor visibility days. Given this crucial aerosol-radiation-meteorological feedback driving the smog intensification, we anticipate results from this study will help inform mitigation strategies supporting stronger region-wide measures, which are critical for solving the smog challenge in India.

show abstract

Transboundary Environmental Stressors on India-Pakistan Relations: An Analysis of Shared Air and Water Resources

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Extreme Smog Challenge of India Intensified by Increasing Lower Tropospheric Stability

Extreme Smog Challenge of India Intensified by Increasing Lower Tropospheric Stability

Indicators of Climate Change, Geospatial and Analytical Mapping of Trends in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh: An Observational Study

Extreme smog challenge of India intensified by increasing lower tropospheric stability

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