Transcapillary Migration of Heavy Water and Thiocyanate Ion in the Pulmonary Circulation of Normal Subjects and Patients With Congestive Heart Failure 123

Lilienfield, Lawrence S.; Freis, Edward D.; Partenope, Edward A.; Morowitz, Harold J.

doi:10.1172/jci103051

Cited by 45 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This phenomenon was first demonstrated by Chinard and Enns (2), and later confirmed by Lillien-field, Freis, Partenope, and Morowitz (3). The latter used a lumped model analysis of the transit patterns of labeled water and albumin to estimate pulmonary extravascular water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Indicator dilution measurements of extravascular water in the lungs

Goresky¹,

Cronin²,

wangel³

1969

J. Clin. Invest.

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A B S T R A C T Multiple indicator dilution studies of the pulmonary circulation were carried out in conscious, resting and exercising, and anesthetized dogs under conditions where there was no pulmonary edema. Labeled red cells, water, and albumin were injected together into the pulmonary artery, and effluent dilution patterns were obtained from the descending thoracic aorta. The product of the mean transit time differences between labeled water and red cells, and the pulmonary water flow was used to estimate extravascular parenchymatous water; and this was expressed as a proportion of the water content of the blood-drained lung at postmortem examination. These estimates of the proportional water content were found to increase with flow, and to approach an asymptotic value. Reconsideration of the flow patterns in capillaries, however, led to the postulate that extravascular water should be calculated, utilizing as the appropriate vascular reference a substance that uniformly labels the water in red cells and plasma, and which is confined to the circulation, rather than a tracer that only labels red cells. The mean transit time of this substance is approximated by the sum of the mean transit times of labeled red cells and albumin, each weighted according to the proportion of the water content of blood present in that phase. The values for lung water content so computed also increased with flow, and appeared to approach an asymptote that corresponded to approximately two-thirds of the wet lung weight. The estimated values for the water space after pentobarbital anesthesia corresponded to the lower values obtained in the resting conscious animals. When the anesthetized animals were also bled, the estimated water space was disproportionately large, in relation to the previous values. These experimental results support the hypothesis that dilutional This work was presented in part at the 51st Annual

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Indicator dilution measurements of extravascular water in the lungs

Goresky¹,

Cronin²,

wangel³

1969

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Assumptions and errors Many investigators have presented mathematical treatments of the indicator-dilution technique (Chinard & Enns, 1954;Lilienfield, Freis, Partenope & Morowitz, 1955;Goresky, 1963;Crone, 1963; Martin de Julian & Yudilevich, 1964;Yudilevich & Alvarez, 1967). The theory for intravascular tracers developed by Meier & Zierler (1954) has been extended by 387 Martin de Juliatn & Yudilevich (1964) on the basis of a small number of reasonable assumptions, some of which have special relevance to our work:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffusional resistance of the innermost layer of the placental barrier of the rabbit

Faber¹,

Hart²,

Poutala³

1968

The Journal of Physiology

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SUMMARY1. The permeability of the endothelial cell layer of the foetal capillaries of the rabbit placenta was measured by the tracer-dilution method. Isotopically labelled water, urea, chloride and sodium ions, and inulin were used. Radio-iodinated human serum albumin served as reference tracer. The measurements were made in in situ placentas of 27-29 days gestation of which the foetal circulation was perfused with homologous blood.2. The permeability of water was found to be 1-7 ml. min-. g-l, the permeabilities of urea, chloride ions and sodium ions were in the range of 0-28-0-42 ml. min-'. g-and the permeability of inulin was 0-053 ml. min-' . g-. These values may be underestimates, particularly the value of water.3. The approximate maternal blood space, foetal blood space, and extravascular sodium space were determined in rabbit placentas of 27-29 days gestation and found to be 0-16, 0 07, and 0-48 ml./g respectively.4. The permeabilities of the endothelial layer were compared to those published for the entire placenta and found to be far greater. The resistance to diffusion of the endothelial layer is only a small part of the total resistance to diffusion. Most of the resistance is localized in the syncytioand/or cellular trophoblasts.5. It was concluded that lipid insoluble molecules diffuse through the interstitial water spaces of the trophoblast in few, relatively wide channels but that diffusing water can make use of intracellular as well as extracellular paths.

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“…If this were the case the mean circulation time of albumin during a single circulation would be significantly less than that of smaller crystalloids. However, in studies of the central circulation the mean transit times of thiocyanate ion (14) and ionic Na24 (15) have been found to be identical with simultaneously injected labelled albumin and hence must have the same intravascular volume of distribution as the albumin. It would seem then to be valid to assume at this time that, during a single circulation, albumin mixes with all the plasma contained in a capillary into which it enters.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%