Transcatheter closure of congenital ventricular septal defects in adult: Mid-term results and complications

The chance finding of a ventricular septal defect in a 2-day-old newborn infant

“…Ventricular septal defects [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] can occur as part of more congenital cardiac malformations or as an isolate finding. The natural history of ventricular septal defects depends on the size of the defect and on the pulmonary resistance [2,11].…”

A case of spontaneous closure of a muscular ventricular septal defect

“…Ventricular septal defects [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] can occur as part of more congenital cardiac malformations or as an isolate finding. Surgical closure, transcatheter occlusion [9]and spontaneous closure [10] have been reported.…”

Revelation of an asymptomatic ventricular septal defect in elderly patient before a surgical intervention

“…The natural history of ventricular septal defects depends on the size of the defect and on the pulmonary resistance [2]. In adults congenital heart disease, ventricular septal defects [3,4] represent about 10% of the cases. However, the finding of a ventricular septal defect in an elderly individual N 80 years of age is extremely uncommon and only two cases have been reported in a living patient, as an accidental finding [5,6].…”