“…The QUADAS assessment concluded there is high methodological quality within individual studies, as most of the studies had a low risk of bias across the four domains of patient selection, index test, reference standard, and flow and timing ( Table 4 ). A majority of the studies (78%) adopted a prospective study design [ 19 , 20 , 22 , 24 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 38 , 39 , 40 ], whilst retrospective study design was used in only four studies (22%) [ 21 , 23 , 25 , 41 ]; this ensured a low risk of patient selection bias. Additionally, a single-center approach was adopted in all, except one study by Gerriets et al [ 40 ], in which a multicenter approach was used, and this further reduced the possibility of bias and traps related to a multicenter study design [ 45 ].…”