Transcription of the Y chromosomal gene,Sry, in adult mouse brain

Lahr, Georgia; Maxson, Stephen C.; Mayer, Anette; Just, Walter; Pilgrim, Christoph; Reisert, Ingrid

doi:10.1016/0169-328x(95)00136-g

Cited by 110 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…However, we cannot yet rule out Sts completely because its function may be regulated differently on the Y and X chromosomes, and it could escape from inactivation on the X. The other candidate gene, Sry, is unique to the Y chromosome without a homolog on X and, like Sts, it is expressed in brain (Lahr et al, 1995;Maxson, 1996;Mayer et al, 2000). Again in our study, differences were present between XX and XY Ϫ females, neither of which had Sry.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 36%

“…Sex differences in cultured mouse mesencephalic neurons expressing tyrosine hydroxylase, are explained by the complement of sex chromosomes in cells rather than effects of gonadal hormones (Pilgrim et al, 1999;Carruth et al, 2002). Several sex chromosome genes, including the testes determining gene Sry, are expressed in the brain and, thus, may have direct sex-specific effects (Lahr et al, 1995;Mayer et al, 2000;Xu et al, 2002;Vawter et al, 2004). Sex differences in expression of some sex-linked genes in embryonic brains occur before gonadal differentiation (Dewing et al, 2003), or in adults as a result of differences in gene dosage rather than effects of sex hormones (Xu et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sex Chromosome Complement and Gonadal Sex Influence Aggressive and Parental Behaviors in Mice

Gatewood¹,

Wills²,

Shetty³

et al. 2006

J. Neurosci.

223

227

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Across human cultures and mammalian species, sex differences can be found in the expression of aggression and parental nurturing behaviors: males are typically more aggressive and less parental than females. These sex differences are primarily attributed to steroid hormone differences during development and/or adulthood, especially the higher levels of androgens experienced by males, which are caused ultimately by the presence of the testis-determining gene Sry on the Y chromosome. The potential for sex differences arising from the different complements of sex-linked genes in male and female cells has received little research attention. To directly test the hypothesis that social behaviors are influenced by differences in sex chromosome complement other than Sry, we used a transgenic mouse model in which gonadal sex and sex chromosome complement are uncoupled. We find that latency to exhibit aggression and one form of parental behavior, pup retrieval, can be influenced by both gonadal sex and sex chromosome complement. For both behaviors, females but not males with XX sex chromosomes differ from XY. We also measured vasopressin immunoreactivity in the lateral septum, which was higher in gonadal males than females, but also differed according to sex chromosome complement. These results imply that a gene(s) on the sex chromosomes (other than Sry) affects sex differences in brain and behavior. Identifying the specific X and/or Y genes involved will increase our understanding of normal and abnormal aggression and parental behavior, including behavioral abnormalities associated with mental illness.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 36%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex Chromosome Complement and Gonadal Sex Influence Aggressive and Parental Behaviors in Mice

Gatewood¹,

Wills²,

Shetty³

et al. 2006

J. Neurosci.

223

227

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show abstract

“…Sry exists only in mammals and is located on the Y chromosome. Besides expression in some areas of the brain (Lahr et al, 1995), it is expressed exclusively in the initially bipotential XY gonad, where it induces the differentiation of Sertoli cells and thereby testis development. Sox9 is expressed shortly after Sry in pre-Sertoli cells and is both required and sufficient for male determination.…”

Section: Sex Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of cell fate and differentiation by Sry-related high-mobility-group box (Sox) transcription factors

Lefebvre

Dumitriu

Penzo–Méndez

et al. 2007

The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology

408

358

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Maintain stemness, commit to a specific lineage, differentiate, proliferate, or die. These are essential decisions that every cell is constantly challenged to make in multi-cellular organisms to ensure proper development, adult maintenance, and adaptability. SRY-related high-mobility-group box (Sox) transcription factors have emerged in the animal kingdom to help cells effect such decisions. They are encoded by twenty genes in humans and mice. They share a highly conserved high-mobilitygroup box domain that was originally identified in SRY, the sex-determining gene on the Y chromosome, and that has derived from a canonical high-mobility-group domain characteristic of chromatin-associated proteins. The high-mobility-group box domain binds DNA in the minor groove and increases its DNA binding affinity and specificity by interacting with many types of transcription factors. It also bends DNA and may thereby confer on Sox proteins a unique and critical role in the assembly of transcriptional enhanceosomes. Sox proteins fall into eight groups. Most feature a transactivation or transrepression domain and thereby also act as typical transcription factors. Each gene has distinct expression pattern and molecular properties, often redundant with those in the same group and overlapping with those in other groups. As a whole the Sox family controls cell fate and differentiation in a multitude of processes, such as male differentiation, stemness, neurogenesis, and skeletogenesis. We review their specific molecular properties and in vivo roles, stress recent advances in the field, and suggest directions for future investigations.

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“…The gene certainly seems to be expressed in the brains of male mammals [5][6][7] , but again, it's unclear what this means. "Expression patterns suggest where genes are acting, but we need functional studies to prove it," cautions Amanda Swain, a developmental biologist at the Chester Beatty Laboratories of the Institute of Cancer Research in London.…”

Section: All In the Mindmentioning

confidence: 99%

The most important sexual organ

Dennis¹

2004

Nature

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Transcription of the Y chromosomal gene,Sry, in adult mouse brain

Cited by 110 publications

References 16 publications

Sex Chromosome Complement and Gonadal Sex Influence Aggressive and Parental Behaviors in Mice

Sex Chromosome Complement and Gonadal Sex Influence Aggressive and Parental Behaviors in Mice

Control of cell fate and differentiation by Sry-related high-mobility-group box (Sox) transcription factors

The most important sexual organ

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