Transcriptional changes in the Japanese scallop (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) shellinfested by Polydora provide insights into the molecular mechanism of shell formation and immunomodulation

Abstract

The Japanese scallop (Mizuhopecten yessoensis) is one of the most important aquaculture species in Asian countries; however, it has suffered severe infection by Polydora in northern China in recent years, causing great economic losses. The Polydora parasitizes the shell of scallops, badly destroying the shell’s structure. To investigate the molecular response mechanism of M. yessoensis to Polydora infestion, a comprehensive and niche-targeted cDNA sequence database for diseased scallops was constructed. Additionally, the transcriptional changes in the edge mantle, central mantle and hemocytes, tissues directly related to the disease, were first described in this study. The results showed that genes involved in shell formation and immunomodulation were significantly differentially expressed due to the infestation. Different transcriptional changes existed between the two mantle regions, indicating the different molecular functions likely responsible for the formation of different shell layers. The differential expression of genes for immune recognition, signal transduction and pathogen elimination presented an integrated immune response process in scallops. Moreover, neuromodulation and glycometabolism involved in the regulation process with relevant function significantly enriched. The study provides valuable information for mechanism study of shell formation and immunomodulation in scallops.

The shell matrix of the european thorny oyster, Spondylus gaederopus: microstructural and molecular characterization

“…The two enzymes identified also have functions related to shell formation: i) chitinase, a chitin binding protein that catalyses the cleavage of chitin, could be involved in the (re)modeling of the chitinous scaffold (Yonezawa et al, 2016); ii) laccase [Mizuhopecten yeonessis], a copper oxidase enzyme, could be involved in cross-linking of the matrix during biomineralization. In the prism matrix of the pearl oyster, an enzyme with similar function was identified , while laccase-like genes have been shown to be involved in shell immunity, biomineralization and pigmentation (Mao et al, 2018;Yue et al, 2019). We note that all of the six identified shell matrix proteins are intrinsically disordered (Fig.…”

Genomic Signatures Supporting the Symbiosis and Formation of Chitinous Tube in the Deep-Sea Tubeworm Paraescarpia echinospica

“…To determine the genes involved in the formation of the vestimentiferan tube, we catalogued the biomineralization-related genes from five species of molluscs (Yesso scallop Mizuhopecten yessoensis , Mao et al 2018 ; Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas , Zhang et al 2012 ; pearl oyster Pinctada fucata , Aguilera et al 2017 ; scaly-foot snail Chrysomallon squamiferum , Sun et al 2020 ; and sea snail Lottia gigantea , Mann et al 2012 ) and brachiopod ( Lingula anatina , Luo et al 2015 ). Genes that were highly expressed in the collar and opisthosoma of P. echinospica and selected proteins detected from our proteomic analyses were searched against the catalog for their orthologs using OrthoFinder v2.3.3.…”

Expression Plasticity of Peroxisomal Acyl-Coenzyme A Oxidase Genes Implies Their Involvement in Redox Regulation in Scallops Exposed to PST-Producing Alexandrium

“…Furthermore, we also observed the inductive expression of CfACOX s after AM-1 exposure in mantles and gills ( Figure 4 C), the two organs having relatively large contact areas with the surrounding water and playing crucial roles in water filtering and toxin absorption [ 32 , 33 , 34 ]. All DEGs in both tissues were up-regulated after AM-1 challenge, with two CfACOX1 s ( CF.17615.31 and CF.3421.13 ), one CfACOX2 , and one CfACOX3 showing significant alteration in mantles, while three CfACOX1 s ( CF.17615.31 , CF.3421.13, and CF.11051.3.1 ) and one CfACOX2 being significantly up-regulated in gills (|log 2 FC| > 1 and p < 0.05).…”