Transcriptional response of immune genes in gills and the interbranchial lymphoid tissue of Atlantic salmon challenged with infectious salmon anaemia virus

Austbø, Lars; Bergva, Ida; König, Melanie; Weli, Simon Chioma; Syed, Mohasina; Falk, K. George; Koppang, Erling Olaf

doi:10.1016/j.dci.2014.02.007

Cited by 47 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Increasing levels of virus in midkidney and gill of infected fish sampled on day 9 and onward confirmed the bath challenge to be successful. The transcriptional response of innate immune genes and ISAV were comparable to that observed by Austbø et al (4) and were observed in all individuals (data not shown). Their upregulation indicates a strong systemic response, in line with the increased virus levels that were measured in all the individuals investigated.…”

Section: Gross Pathology/infection Statussupporting

confidence: 70%

“…Devoid of vessels, it shows no clear resemblance to previously described lymphoid tissues in any species (1)(2)(3). The ILT has not yet been designated into the group of primary or secondary lymphoid organs, although transcriptional responses following infection have been observed (4). Seeing that the thymus and the ILT develop from the same area, it is highly plausible that they share joint functions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The uninfected control group and challenged fish were kept in two separate freshwater tanks of 200 l. The water temperature throughout the experiment was 8 6 1˚C. The challenged group was experimentally infected with the ISAV strain Glesvaer by immersion in 50 l freshwater at 7˚C with virus at a final concentration of 2 3 10 4 TCID 50 ml 21 for 2.5 h, and subsequently transferred to a new tank (4).…”

Section: Animals and Infection Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcriptional Characterization of the T Cell Population within the Salmonid Interbranchial Lymphoid Tissue

Bergva

Austbø

König

et al. 2014

The Journal of Immunology

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Previously, our group has shown that the interbranchial lymphoid tissue (ILT) is a distinct structure largely consisting of T cells embedded in a meshwork of epithelial cells, with no direct resemblance to previously described lymphoid tissues. In this study, we aim to focus on the T cell population and the possibility of the ILT being a thymus analog. By characterizing structural responsiveness to Ag challenge, the presence of recombination activating genes, and different T cell–related transcripts, we attempt to further approach the immunological function of the ILT in salmonid gills. In addition to eight healthy individuals, a group of eight infectious salmon anemia virus–challenged fish were included to observe T cell responses related to infection. The results showed reduced size of ILT in the infected group, no expression of RAG-1 and -2, and a high degree of T cell diversity within the ILT. Taking into account that the ILT can be regarded as a strategically located T cell reservoir and possibly an evolutionary forerunner of mammalian MALTs right at the border to the external environment, the alteration in transcription observed may likely represent a shift in the T cell population to optimize local gill defense mechanisms.

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Section: Gross Pathology/infection Statussupporting

confidence: 70%

mentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Animals and Infection Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcriptional Characterization of the T Cell Population within the Salmonid Interbranchial Lymphoid Tissue

Bergva

Austbø

König

et al. 2014

The Journal of Immunology

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“…It has been suggested that immune induction could occur in the ILT, due to the presence of scattered major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC class II) positive cells as well as T-cell receptor [1]. A recent study targeting the ILT of salmon infected with salmon anaemia virus (ISAV), showed an immune response against the virus (7). Due to the strategic position regarding antigen surveillance, and the immune response against ISAV, it was suggested that the ILT may have a role as a secondary lymphoid organ with clonal expansion of IgT expressing B-cells [2,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A recent study targeting the ILT of salmon infected with salmon anaemia virus (ISAV), showed an immune response against the virus (7). Due to the strategic position regarding antigen surveillance, and the immune response against ISAV, it was suggested that the ILT may have a role as a secondary lymphoid organ with clonal expansion of IgT expressing B-cells [2,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the interbranchial lymphoid tissue of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) affected by amoebic gill disease

Santos

Adams

Leef

et al. 2014

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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The interbranchial lymphoid tissue of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salarL) extends as a diffuse mucosal lymphoid tissue throughout the trailing edge of the gill filament

Dalum

Austbø

Bjørgen

et al. 2015

Journal of Morphology

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The teleost gill forms an extensive, semipermeable barrier that must tolerate intimate contact with the surrounding environment and be able to protect the body from external pathogens. The recent discovery of the interbranchial lymphoid tissue (ILT) has initiated an anatomical and functional investigation of the lymphoid tissue of the salmonid gill. In this article, sectioning of gill arches in all three primary planes revealed an elongation of the ILT outward along the trailing edge of the primary filament to the very distal end, a finding not previously described. This newly found lymphoid tissue was investigated using a range of morphological and transcriptional tools. Avoiding potential salinity-related effects, the study focused on two fresh-water life stages-smoltifying juveniles and mature adults. Aggregates of T-cells continuous with the ILT were found within the thick epithelial lining of the trailing edge of the filament in considerably larger numbers than seen in the epithelium of the leading edge and of the interlamellar area. Only a few of these cells were identified as CD8α(+) -cells, and there was a significantly (P < 0.05) higher relative expression of CD4- than of CD8- related genes in all gill segments investigated. Numerous major histocompatibility complex class II(+) -cells were distributed uniformly throughout the filament epithelial tissue. Few Ig(+) -cells were detected. Overall, the morphological features and comparable immune gene expression of the previously described ILT and the filament trailing edge lymphoid tissue suggest a close functional and anatomical relationship. We propose that the anatomical definition of the ILT must be broadened to include both the previously described ILT (to be renamed proximal ILT) and the trailing edge lymphoid tissue (to be named distal ILT). This extended anatomical localisation identifies the ILT as a widely distributed mucosal lymphoid tissue in the gill of Atlantic salmon.

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Transcriptional response of immune genes in gills and the interbranchial lymphoid tissue of Atlantic salmon challenged with infectious salmon anaemia virus

Cited by 47 publications

References 34 publications

Transcriptional Characterization of the T Cell Population within the Salmonid Interbranchial Lymphoid Tissue

Transcriptional Characterization of the T Cell Population within the Salmonid Interbranchial Lymphoid Tissue

Changes in the interbranchial lymphoid tissue of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) affected by amoebic gill disease

The interbranchial lymphoid tissue of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salarL) extends as a diffuse mucosal lymphoid tissue throughout the trailing edge of the gill filament

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