Transcriptome analysis provides insights into the immunity function of venom glands in Pardosa pseudoannulata in responses to cadmium toxicity

Abstract

Due to some similarity of innate immunity between insects and mammals, the study of the molecular mechanism of innate immunity in insects has become a focus of research. However, the exact molecular and cellular basis of immune system in insect remains poorly understood. Characterization of the transcriptomic response to Cd of spider is an effective approach to understanding the innate immunity mechanisms. In this study, we carried out transcriptome sequencing and gene expression analyses to develop molecular resources for Pardosa pseudoannulata venom glands with and without Cd treatments. A total of 92,778 assembled unigenes and 237 Cd stress-associated differentially expressed genes between the Cd-treated and control groups were obtained. Expression profile analysis demonstrated that immunity-related genes involved in bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, leukocyte transendothelial migration, platelet activation, apoptosis, phagosome, and Rap1 signaling pathway were upregulated by Cd exposure, except the genes involved in PPAR signaling pathway were downregulated. Our results provide the first comprehensive transcriptome dataset of venom glands in P. pseudoannulata response to Cd, which is valuable for throws light on the immunotoxicity mechanism of Cd, and the innate immunity complexity.

Transcriptome Changes Reveal the Toxic Mechanism of Cadmium and Lead Combined Exposure on Silk Production and Web-Weaving Behavior of Spider A. ventricosus

“…The preservation of cell morphology, movement, and intracellular substance transport heavily relies on the expression and stability of tubulin . Moreover, our previous investigations have demonstrated substantial variations in gene expression pertaining to the cytoskeleton, particularly tubulin and alpha F-actin, in spider species P. pseudoannulata and P. subpiraticus when exposed to Cd; Additionally, the annotation of cytoskeleton-related terms such as “actin cytoskeleton”, “myosin complex”, and “structural constituent of cuticle” has been identfied. ,, Likewise, the spiderlings of P. pseudoannulata exhibited a noticeable enrichment of cytoskeleton-related terms following Cd exposure treatment . The rearrangement of the cytoskeleton, induced by oxidative stress resulting from heavy metal exposure, can lead to a reduction in microtubule-associated proteins and ultimately result in cell apoptosis …”

Immunostimulation of Parasteatoda tepidariorum (Araneae: Theridiidae) in juvenile and adult stages. Immunity reactions to injury with foreign body and Bacillus subtilis infection

“…These changes were time-depend and concentration-depend ( Yang et al, 2021 ). Also, Yang et al (2018) showed that exposure to Cd has an effect on venom glands immunology in wolf spiders Pardosa pseudoannulata . Changes in the expression of immune-related genes, including those involved in apoptosis, platelet activation, or bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, have been demonstrated.…”