Transcriptome and Biochemical Analyses Revealed a Detailed Proanthocyanidin Biosynthesis Pathway in Brown Cotton Fiber

Xiao, Yazhong; Yan, Qian; Ding, Hui; Luo, Ming; Hou, Lei; Mi, Zhang; Yao, Dan; Liu, Housheng; Li, Xin; Zhao, Jia; Pei, Yan

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0086344

Cited by 53 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Fiber color is conferred by the accumulation of flavonoids in mature fibers (Hua et al 2007;Xiao et al 2007Xiao et al , 2014Li et al 2012a;Feng et al 2013;Tuttle et al 2015). Thirteen QTL were detected for the three fiber color traits evaluated: mean L * (bright/dark), mean a * (green/red), and mean b * (blue/yellow).…”

Section: Fiber Colormentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic analysis of the transition from wild to domesticated cotton (G. hirsutumL.)

Grover

Yoo

Meng

et al. 2019

Preprint

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An F2 population between wild and domesticated cotton was used to identify QTL associated with selection under domestication. Multiple traits characterizing domesticated cotton were evaluated, and candidate genes underlying QTL are described for all traits. QTL are unevenly distributed between subgenomes of the domesticated polyploid, with many fiber QTL located on the genome derived from the D parent, which does not have spinnable fiber, but a majority of QTL overall located on the A subgenome. QTL are many (120) and environmentally labile. These data, together with candidate gene analyses, suggest recruitment of many environmentally responsive factors during cotton domestication. AbstractThe evolution and domestication of cotton is of great interest from both economic and evolutionary standpoints. Although many genetic and genomic resources have been generated for cotton, the genetic underpinnings of the transition from wild to domesticated cotton remain poorly known. Here we generated an intraspecific QTL mapping population specifically targeting domesticated cotton phenotypes. We used 466 F2 individuals derived from an intraspecific cross between the wild Gossypium hirsutum var. yucatanense (TX2094) and the elite cultivar G. hirsutum cv. Acala Maxxa, in two environments, to identify 120 QTL associated with phenotypic changes under domestication. While the number of QTL recovered in each subpopulation was similar, only 22 QTL were considered coincident (i.e., shared) between the two locations, eight of which shared peak markers. Although approximately half of QTL were located in the A-subgenome, many key fiber QTL were detected in the D-subgenome, which was derived from a species with unspinnable fiber. We found that many QTL are environment-specific, with few shared between the two environments, indicating that QTL associated with G. hirsutum domestication are genomically clustered but environmentally labile. Possible candidate genes were recovered and are discussed in the context of the phenotype. We conclude that the evolutionary forces that shape intraspecific divergence and domestication in cotton are complex, and that phenotypic transformations likely involved multiple interacting and environmentally responsive factors.

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Section: Fiber Colormentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic analysis of the transition from wild to domesticated cotton (G. hirsutumL.)

Grover

Yoo

Meng

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…The cis-form and trans-form of flavan-3-ols were synthesized in LAR and ANR branches, respectively [11,38,58,72]. Mass spectrometry (MS) analyses revealed that the main PA monomers in brown cotton fibers contained three hydroxyls on the B ring (gallocatechin or epigallocatechin) [11,21,73], PA accumulation in brown fibers starts at an early stage (5 DPA) and peaks at 30 DPA, PAs are gradually converted into oxidized derivatives (quinones) in mature brown fibers. Because developing brown fibers do not exhibit distinct coloration until maturation, the condensed quinones maybe directly contribute to brown pigmentation in cotton fibers instead of their PA precursors [11].…”

Section: The Anthocyanidins Content In the Fiber Directly Influenced mentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional analysis of GhCHS, GhANR and GhLAR in colored fiber formation of Gossypium hirsutum L.

Jianfang

Shen

Jingli

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Background The formation of natural colored fibers mainly results from the accumulation of different anthocyanidins and their derivatives in the fibers of Gossypium hirsutum L. Chalcone synthase (CHS) is the first committed enzyme of flavonoid biosynthesis, and anthocyanidins are transported into fiber cell after biosynthesis mainly by Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) and Leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR) to present diverse colors with distinct stability. The biochemical and molecular mechanism of pigment formation in natural colored cotton fiber is not clear. Results The three key genes of GhCHS , GhANR and GhLAR were predominantly expressed in the developing fibers of colored cotton. In the GhCHSi , GhANRi and GhLARi transgenic cottons, the expression levels of GhCHS , GhANR and GhLAR significantly decreased in the developing cotton fiber, negatively correlated with the content of anthocyanidins and the color depth of cotton fiber. In colored cotton Zongxu1 (ZX1) and the GhCHSi , GhANRi and GhLARi transgenic lines of ZX1, HZ and ZH, the anthocyanidin contents of the leaves, cotton kernels, the mixture of fiber and seedcoat were all changed and positively correlated with the fiber color. Conclusion The three genes of GhCHS , GhANR and GhLAR were predominantly expressed early in developing colored cotton fibers and identified to be a key genes of cotton fiber color formation. The expression levels of the three genes affected the anthocyanidin contents and fiber color depth. So the three genes played a crucial part in cotton fiber color formation and has important significant to improve natural colored cotton quality and create new colored cotton germplasm resources by genetic engineering.

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“…Over the past ten years, many studies have focused on the metabolic and transcriptional analyses and QTL mapping of brown cotton bers. Flavonoids were detected in the extractions of brown cotton bers (Hua et al 2007), and the avonoid biosynthesis pathway, especially proanthocyanidin (PA) biosynthesis, was activated during ber development of brown cottons (Feng et al 2013;Liu et al 2018;Tan et al 2013;Xiao et al 2014). QTL mapping found six genetic loci (Lc1, Lc2, Lc3, Lc4, Lc5 and Lc6) which were associated with ber colors of brown cottons, and further studies showed that GhTT2-3A(Gh_A07G2341), a gene controlling PA biosynthesis, was a candidate gene that was con rmed by transgenic analysis to control ber pigmentation of brown cotton (Hinchliffe et al 2016;Wen et al 2018;Yan et al 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore both metabolic and gene expression analyses showed that the pigments in brown cotton bers were PA or PA derivatives (Feng et al 2014;Xiao et al 2014;Yan et al 2018), while the pigments in green cotton bers remained uncertain. Some transcriptional and metabolic analyses supported the view that flavonoids and their derivatives were the dominant pigments in green cotton bers (Hua et al 2007;Liu et al 2018;Yuan et al 2012), but other analyses suggested that caffeoyl residues were related to pigmentation in these bers (Feng et al 2017;Ma et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenylpropanoid metabolism and pigmentation show divergent patterns between brown color and green color cottons as revealed by metabolic and gene expression analyses

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Naturally colored cotton has become increasingly popular because of their natural properties of coloration, UV protection, flame retardant, antibacterial activity and mildew resistance. But poor fiber quality and limited color choices are two key issues that have restricted the cultivation of naturally colored cotton. To identify the possible pathways participating in fiber pigmentation in naturally colored cottons, five colored cotton accessions in three different color types (with green, brown and white fiber) were chosen for a comprehensive analysis of phenylpropanoid metabolism during fiber development.Results The expression levels of flavonoid biosynthesis pathway genes in brown cotton fibers were significantly higher than those in white and green cotton fibers. Total flavonoids and proanthocyanidin (PA) were higher in brown cotton fibers relative to those in white and green cotton fibers, which suggested that the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway might not participate in the pigmentation of green cotton fibers. Further expression analysis indicated that the genes encoding enzymes for the synthesis of caffeic acid derivatives, lignin and lignan were activated in the developing fibers of the green cotton at 10 DPA (days post-anthesis) and 15 DPA. Conclusions Our results strengthen the understanding of phenylpropanoid metabolism and pigmentation in green and brown cotton fibers, and may improve the breeding of naturally colored cottons.

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Transcriptome and Biochemical Analyses Revealed a Detailed Proanthocyanidin Biosynthesis Pathway in Brown Cotton Fiber

Cited by 53 publications

References 32 publications

Genetic analysis of the transition from wild to domesticated cotton (G. hirsutumL.)

Genetic analysis of the transition from wild to domesticated cotton (G. hirsutumL.)

Functional analysis of GhCHS, GhANR and GhLAR in colored fiber formation of Gossypium hirsutum L.

Phenylpropanoid metabolism and pigmentation show divergent patterns between brown color and green color cottons as revealed by metabolic and gene expression analyses

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