Transcriptome and Quasi-Targeted Metabolome Analyze Overexpression of 4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate Dioxygenase Alleviates Fungal Toxicity of 9-Phenanthrol in Magnaporthe oryzae

Abstract

Magnaporthe oryzae, the causal agent of rice blast disease, produces devastating damage to global rice production. It is urgent to explore novel strategies to overcome the losses caused by this disease. 9-phenanthrol is often used as a transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) channel inhibitor for animals, but we found its fungal toxicity to M. oryzae. Thus, we explored the antimicrobial mechanism through transcriptome and metabolome analyses. Moreover, we found that overexpression of a gene encoding 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase involved in the tyrosine degradative pathway enhanced the tolerance of 9-phenanthrol in M. oryzae. Thus, our results highlight the potential fungal toxicity mechanism of 9-phenanthrol at metabolic and transcriptomic levels and identify a gene involving 9-phenanthrol alleviation. Importantly, our results demonstrate the novel mechanism of 9-phenanthrol on fungal toxicity that will provide new insights of 9-phenanthrol for application on other organisms.

Multiomics Analyses Reveal the Complexity of Interaction between Two Strains of Magnaporthe oryzae

“…Quasi-targeted metabolomic analyses were conducted according to previously reported methods . The samples were ground into powder under liquid nitrogen and then resuspended in 80% methanol.…”

“…Quasi-targeted metabolomic analyses were conducted according to previously reported methods. 26 The samples were ground into powder under liquid nitrogen and then resuspended in 80% methanol. The samples were incubated on ice for 5 min and then centrifuged at 15,000g at 4 °C for 20 min.…”

Molecular Targets of Herbicides and Fungicides─Are There Useful Overlaps for Fungicide Discovery?

“…Growth and pathogenicity of rice blast ( Magnaporthe oryzae ) is inhibited by 9-phenanthrol (Figure ), and overexpression of HPPD protects the fungus from this compound . This group also found this chemical to be fungitoxic to F. oxysporum , Exserohilum turcicum , Bipolaria maydis , and Rhizoctonia solani and to be phytotoxic to rice, cabbage, and tomato, but not to maize.…”

“…159 Growth and pathogenicity of rice blast (Magnaporthe oryzae) is inhibited by 9-phenanthrol (Figure 8), and overexpression of HPPD protects the fungus from this compound. 160 This group also found this chemical to be fungitoxic to F. oxysporum, Exserohilum turcicum, Bipolaria maydis, and Rhizoctonia solani and to be phytotoxic to rice, cabbage, and tomato, but not to maize. In M. oryzae, levels of HPPA were reduced by 9phenanthrol treatment, indicating that it might act as an inhibitor of tyrosine amino transferase (TAT), the enzyme immediately before HPPD in the tyrosine degradation pathway.…”

Rice-Magnaporthe oryzae interactions in resistant and susceptible rice cultivars under panicle blast infection based on defense-related enzyme activities and metabolomics

“…For example, certain metabolites have been identified and employed as resistance biomarkers in a range of plants, including tomatoes [ 18 ], soybean [ 19 ], grapes [ 20 ] and rice [ 13 ], infected by various species of phytopathogens. Furthermore, metabolomic data can be leveraged to develop treatments that employ key metabolites to promote plant growth and disease resistance, thus offering an effective approach for protecting farmland from potential hazards [ 21 ].…”