Transcriptome changes in the phenylpropanoid pathway of Glycine max in response to Pseudomonas syringaeinfection

Zabala, Gracia; Zou, Jijun; Tuteja, Jigyasa H.; Gonzalez, Delkin O.; Clough, Steven J.; Vodkin, Lila O.

doi:10.1186/1471-2229-6-26

Cited by 145 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…4b). The up-regulation of isoflavone biosynthesis, based on cDNA microarray data, has also been reported for soybean leaves infected with the bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae (Zou et al 2005; Zabala et al 2006), the fungal pathogen Phakospora pachyrhizi (Alvord et al 2007) and the aphid Aphis glycines (Li et al 2008). An increased accumulation of isoflavones was observed in soybean leaves after various experimental treatments, including wounding (Wegulo et al 2005), inoculation with fungi (Morris et al 1991; Wegulo et al 2005), infection with phytopathogenic bacteria or nematodes (Ingham et al 1981; Osman and Fett 1983; Fett 1984; Ithal et al 2007), treatment with abiotic and biotic elicitors (Davis et al 1986), and application of herbicides (Cosio et al 1985).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Experimental sink removal induces stress responses, including shifts in amino acid and phenylpropanoid metabolism, in soybean leaves

Turner

Cuthbertson

Voo

et al. 2011

Planta

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The repeated removal of flower, fruit, or vegetative buds is a common treatment to simulate sink limitation. These experiments usually lead to the accumulation of specific proteins, which are degraded during later stages of seed development, and have thus been designated as vegetative storage proteins. We used oligonucleotide microarrays to assess global effects of sink removal on gene expression patterns in soybean leaves and found an induction of the transcript levels of hundreds of genes with putative roles in the responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, these data sets indicated potential changes in amino acid and phenylpropanoid metabolism. As a response to sink removal we detected an induced accumulation of γ-aminobutyric acid, while proteinogenic amino acid levels decreased. We also observed a shift in phenylpropanoid metabolism with an increase in isoflavone levels, concomitant with a decrease in flavones and flavonols. Taken together, we provide evidence that sink removal leads to an up-regulation of stress responses in distant leaves, which needs to be considered as an unintended consequence of this experimental treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Experimental sink removal induces stress responses, including shifts in amino acid and phenylpropanoid metabolism, in soybean leaves

Turner

Cuthbertson

Voo

et al. 2011

Planta

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“…The absence of secondary siRNAs is not from the lack of CHS mRNA substrates as can be seen from a number of studies that report reasonable levels of CHS mRNAs in cotyledons, roots, leaves, and other tissues using RNA blots [3]. In addition, using RT-PCR, most of the CHS genes including CHS7 and CHS8 were shown to be induced to high levels in pathogen-challenged leaf tissues [26] indicating that sufficient CHS mRNA substrates for secondary amplification from even a low level of primary CHS siRNAs in the leaves would be possible. It is clear that CHS is down-regulated by the CHS siRNAs only in the seed coats, though sufficient levels of CHS mRNAs exist in other tissues to serve as substrates for amplification of secondary siRNAs to high levels.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The Transition from Primary siRNAs to Amplified Secondary siRNAs That Regulate Chalcone Synthase During Development of Glycine max Seed Coats

2013

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The I locus is a 27-kb inverted repeat cluster of chalcone synthase genes CHS1-3-4 that mediates siRNA down-regulation of CHS7 and CHS8 target mRNAs during seed development leading to yellow seed coats lacking anthocyanin pigments. Here, we report small RNA sequencing of ten stages of seed development from a few days post fertilization through maturity, revealing the amplification from primary to secondary short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) occurring during development. The young seed populations had a higher proportion of siRNAs representing the CHS1-3-4 gene family members, consistent with this region as the origin of the primary siRNAs. More intriguingly, the very young seed had a higher proportion of 22-nt CHS siRNAs than did the mid-maturation seed. We infer that the primary CHS siRNAs increase during development to levels sufficient to trigger amplification of secondary CHS siRNAs from the CHS7/8 target mRNAs, enabling the total levels of 21-nt CHS siRNAs to rise dramatically. Further, we demonstrate that the soybean system exhibits tissue-specific CHS siRNA production because primary CHS siRNA levels are not sufficient to trigger secondary amplification in tissues other than the seed coat.

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“…A similar conclusion was drawn when the phenylpropanoid metabolism was evaluated in G. max plants under the attack of P. syringae pv. glycinea [87]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Defense Responses in Two Ecotypes of Lotus japonicus against Non-Pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae

et al. 2013

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Lotus japonicus is a model legume broadly used to study many important processes as nitrogen fixing nodule formation and adaptation to salt stress. However, no studies on the defense responses occurring in this species against invading microorganisms have been carried out at the present. Understanding how this model plant protects itself against pathogens will certainly help to develop more tolerant cultivars in economically important Lotus species as well as in other legumes. In order to uncover the most important defense mechanisms activated upon bacterial attack, we explored in this work the main responses occurring in the phenotypically contrasting ecotypes MG-20 and Gifu B-129 of L. japonicus after inoculation with Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 pv. tomato. Our analysis demonstrated that this bacterial strain is unable to cause disease in these accessions, even though the defense mechanisms triggered in these ecotypes might differ. Thus, disease tolerance in MG-20 was characterized by bacterial multiplication, chlorosis and desiccation at the infiltrated tissues. In turn, Gifu B-129 plants did not show any symptom at all and were completely successful in restricting bacterial growth. We performed a microarray based analysis of these responses and determined the regulation of several genes that could play important roles in plant defense. Interestingly, we were also able to identify a set of defense genes with a relative high expression in Gifu B-129 plants under non-stress conditions, what could explain its higher tolerance. The participation of these genes in plant defense is discussed. Our results position the L. japonicus-P. syringae interaction as a interesting model to study defense mechanisms in legume species.

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Transcriptome changes in the phenylpropanoid pathway of Glycine max in response to Pseudomonas syringaeinfection

Cited by 145 publications

References 62 publications

Experimental sink removal induces stress responses, including shifts in amino acid and phenylpropanoid metabolism, in soybean leaves

Experimental sink removal induces stress responses, including shifts in amino acid and phenylpropanoid metabolism, in soybean leaves

The Transition from Primary siRNAs to Amplified Secondary siRNAs That Regulate Chalcone Synthase During Development of Glycine max Seed Coats

Defense Responses in Two Ecotypes of Lotus japonicus against Non-Pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae

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