Transcriptomic Changes toward Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells on 3D‐Printed GelMA/CNC Hydrogel under Pulsatile Pressure Environment

Abstract

Biomimetic soft hydrogels used in bone tissue engineering frequently produce unsatisfactory outcomes. Here, it is investigated how human bone‐marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) differentiated into early osteoblasts on remarkably soft 3D hydrogel (70 ± 0.00049 Pa). Specifically, hBMSCs seeded onto cellulose nanocrystals incorporated methacrylate gelatin hydrogels are subjected to pulsatile pressure stimulation (PPS) of 5–20 kPa for 7 days. The PPS stimulates cellular processes such as mechanotransduction, cytoskeletal distribution, prohibition of oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis, osteogenic marker gene expression, and osteo‐specific cytokine secretions in hBMSCs on soft substrates. The involvement of Piezo 1 is the main ion channel involved in mechanotransduction. Additionally, RNA‐sequencing results reveal differential gene expression concerning osteogenic differentiation, bone mineralization, ion channel activity, and focal adhesion. These findings suggest a practical and highly scalable method for promoting stem cell commitment to osteogenesis on soft matrices for clinical reconstruction.

Analyzing Sex-Specific Dimorphism in Human Skeletal Stem Cells

“…In line with our findings, intracellular OPN expression is linked to cell migration and activation of MAPK signaling, activating RUNX2 signaling [50]. Finally, high expression of TGF-β1 promotes bone mineralization and involvement in calcium homeostasis [51]. Taken together, we observed no sex-specific difference in the gene expression patterns of osteogenic markers during osteogenic differentiation.…”

Unraveling the potential of 3D bioprinted immunomodulatory materials for regulating macrophage polarization: State-of-the-art in bone and associated tissue regeneration

“…In addition to biomaterials properties, including stiffness/elasticity, topography, and porosity, various biophysical simulations have also been shown to modulate cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation [ [333] , [334] , [335] , [336] ]. For instance, electric field (EF) [ 246 , 337 , 338 ], magnetic field (MF) [ 339 ], hydrostatic pressure [ 340 ], and electromagnetic field (EMF) [ 341 ] can also be used to stimulate biomaterials for dynamic immunomodulation and regeneration. Various electro active polymers (EAPs) and magneto-active polymers (MAPs) or their composites have been extensively studied in the past few years for understanding mechanobiological cues of cell adhesion and differentiation [ [342] , [343] , [344] ].…”

Photocuring and Gelatin-Based Antibacterial Hydrogel for Skin Care

“…28 According to the element content, the proportion of the TCS component was calculated to be around 1.5 wt %. Moreover, according to the fitted curves of the C 1s spectra of TGM (Figure 1c 40,41 However, compared with GGM (Figure 1d), the latter two peaks exhibit increased area proportion, which is in accordance with the increase of ether bonds, C−N and C−Cl after the introduction of TCS. In a word, the homogeneous hydrogel TGM was made from GT and GM as a semiinterpenetrating network.…”