Transcutaneous Measurement of Essential Vitamins Using Near‐Infrared Fluorescent Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Sensors

Abstract

Vitamins such as riboflavin and ascorbic acid are frequently utilized in a range of biomedical applications as drug delivery targets, fluidic tracers, and pharmaceutical excipients. Sensing these biochemicals in the human body has the potential to significantly advance medical research and clinical applications. In this work, a nanosensor platform consisting of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with nanoparticle corona phases engineered to allow for the selective molecular recognition of ascorbic acid and riboflavin, is developed. The study provides a methodological framework for the implementation of colloidal SWCNT nanosensors in an intraperitoneal SKH1‐E murine model by addressing complications arising from tissue absorption and scattering, mechanical perturbations, as well as sensor diffusion and interactions with the biological environment. Nanosensors are encapsulated in a polyethylene glycol diacrylate hydrogel and a diffusion model is utilized to validate analyte transport and sensor responses to local concentrations at the boundary. Results are found to be reproducible and stable after exposure to 10% mouse serum even after three days of in vivo implantation. A geometrical encoding scheme is used to reference sensor pairs, correcting for in vivo optical and mechanical artifacts, resulting in an order of magnitude improvement of p‐value from 0.084 to 0.003 during analyte sensing.

Photoluminescence brightening of single-walled carbon nanotubes through conjugation with graphene quantum dots

“…4c). This implies the higher surface coverage of (8,7) than that of the smaller-diameter chiralities like (8,6) and (9,4).…”

Emerging Internet of Things driven carbon nanotubes-based devices

“…Fifth, the E-skins are fabricated with the tactile sensors with extraordinary pixel resolutions. Indeed, the CNTs [20,311] and related composites [312] guarantee the high sensitivity of electronic skins [313] and fast response rate [314]. In addition, the fluorescence of CNTs leads to the detection of biomarker molecules [315][316][317].…”

Monitoring the Activity and Inhibition of Cholinesterase Enzymes using Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Fluorescent Sensors

“…Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) benefit from unique optical and electronic properties, which render them favorable fluorescent probes for imaging, sensing, and biomedical applications, − owing to their fluorescence in the near-IR range where tissue, blood, and biological samples in general are mostly transparent. − Moreover, SWCNT sensors are stable at room temperature, provide spatiotemporal information, and do not photobleach upon use, unlike many other fluorescent sensors. − The mechanism of SWCNT-based sensors usually relies on tailored functionalization of the nanotube surface, which mediates the interaction with the analyte of interest, such that binding of the target molecule results in a modulation of the emitted fluorescence. − Fluorescent SWCNT sensors were applied for the biosensing of different analytes and enzymes. ,,,,− These range from monitoring progesterone and cortisol in vivo (mice), fibrinogen and insulin in blood and cell culture, , nitroaromatics and pathogens , in vivo (plants), volatiles in the gaseous phase, to enzymatic activity. − …”