Transdermal estrogens do not appear to modify the extent of lesional areas of aortic atherosclerosis in oophorectomized rabbits on a cholesterol-rich diet

Blümel, Juan E.; Castelo-Branco, Camil; González, Pedro Marrero; Moyano, C.; Iturriaga, María Paz; Videla, Luis A.; Sanjuán, A.; Cano, Antonio

doi:10.1016/s0021-9150(99)00277-4

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…It has been suggested that the estrogen receptor may have antioxidant response elements, and thus it is possible that isoflavonoid phytoestrogens may possess antioxidant potential dependent on their receptor-binding characteristics. Natural estrogens have significant radical-scavenging antioxidant activity (38), postmenopausal women had significantly elevated plasma antioxidant thiol levels after 6 months of hormone replacement therapy (39) and rabbits receiving transdermal estrogen doubled their total reactive antioxidant potential after 4 months of treatment (40). However, the antioxidant activities of estrogens in mouse brain and in cultured neurons were not influenced by the estrogen receptor antagonist, tamoxifen (41), and the lipid-protecting antioxidant activity of a diet of increased soy protein content was not accompanied by altered urinary sex hormone activity (42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isoflavonoid Compounds from Red Clover (Trifolium pratense) Protect from Inflammation and Immune Suppression Induced by UV Radiation¶

Widyarini

Spinks²,

Husband³

et al. 2001

Photochem Photobiol

125

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Isoflavones derived from many edible plants have been reported to possess significant antioxidant, estrogenic and tyrosine kinase inhibitory activity. Genistein has been found previously to provide protection from oxidative damage induced by UV radiation both in vitro and following dietary administration. We have therefore examined the potential of a number of isoflavones from red clover (Trifolium pratense) and some metabolically related compounds to offer protection from UV irradiation in hairless mice by topical application after UV exposure. We show that whereas the primary isoflavones, daidzein, biochanin A and formononetin, were inactive, 20 microM lotions of genistein and the metabolites equol, isoequol and the related derivative dehydroequol had powerful potential to reduce the inflammatory edema reaction and the suppression of contact hypersensitivity induced by moderate doses of solar-simulated UV radiation. For equol the protection was concentration dependent and 5 microM equol markedly reduced the UV-induced inflammation but abrogated the UV-induced immunosuppression. Equol protected similarly from immunosuppression induced by the putative epidermal mediator, cis-urocanic acid (UCA), indicating a potential mechanism of action involving inactivation of this UV-photoproduct. Since immunosuppression induced by both UV radiation and by cis-UCA appears to be an oxidant-dependent response our observations support the actions of these topically applied isoflavones and their metabolites as antioxidants. They also indicate that lotions containing equol, unlike topical UV sunscreens, more readily protect the immune system from photosuppression than from the inflammation of the sunburn reaction, even when applied after exposure, and thus such compounds may have a future role as sun-protective cosmetic ingredients.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isoflavonoid Compounds from Red Clover (Trifolium pratense) Protect from Inflammation and Immune Suppression Induced by UV Radiation¶

Widyarini

Spinks²,

Husband³

et al. 2001

Photochem Photobiol

125

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“…The severity of aortic atherosclerosis was evaluated as the lesion area relative to the inner surface. 42 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-inflammatory effects of a Chinese herbal medicine in atherosclerosis via estrogen receptor β mediating nitric oxide production and NF-κB suppression in endothelial cells

Wang

Qin

et al. 2013

Cell Death Dis

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Bu-Shen-Ning-Xin Decoction (BSNXD) administration has alleviated the early pathologic damage of atherosclerosis by inhibiting the adhesion molecule expression and upregulating the estrogen receptor (ER) β expression in endothelial cells, and increasing the serum nitric oxide (NO) level without any effect on serum lipid status, endometrium and fat deposition in liver in ovariectomized rabbits. The BSNXD-derived serum increases ER β expression in the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and decreases malondialdehyde (MDA) production, and upregulates eNOS expression then increases NO synthesis through ERβ-dependent pathway. NO not only suppresses the LPS-induced NF-κB transcription in HUVECs, but also decreases apoptosis of endothelial cells. The BSNXD-derived serum decreases monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 production, and suppresses cell adhesion molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1 and E-selectin) expression in HUVECs injured by oxidized low-density lipoproteins (ox-LDL), and these effects can be abolished by ERβ antagonist (R,RTHC) and NO synthase inhibitor (L-NAME). The BSNXD-derived serum-treated HUVECs supernatant reduces CCR2, LFA-1 and VLA-4 expression in monocytes cell line U937 cells, which in turn inhibits adherence of U937 to injured endothelial cells. NO synthesis increases, and MDA production decreases through ERβ-mediated pathway that suppresses apoptosis and NF-κB activity in endothelial cells that downregulates adhesion molecules expression on endothelial cells via ERβ/NO/NF-κB pathway, and in turn leukocyte adhesion, which suggests BSNXD potential value in prophylaxis atherosclerosis.

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“…These effects are not significant, but this may be attributable to small sample size. However, an animal study using transdermal estradiol did not find inhibition of aortic atherosclerosis (76).…”

Section: Questions To Be Answeredmentioning

confidence: 97%

Hormone Replacement Therapy and the Cardiovascular System

Ouyang

Michos

Karas

2006

Journal of the American College of Cardiology

184

101

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Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death among women in the U.S., exceeding breast cancer mortality in women of all ages. Women present with cardiovascular disease a decade after men, and this has been attributed to the protective effect of female ovarian sex hormones that is lost after menopause. Animal and observational studies have shown beneficial effects of hormone therapy when it is initiated early in the perimenopausal period or before the development of significant atherosclerosis. However, randomized, placebo-controlled trials in older women have not shown any benefit in either primary prevention or secondary prevention of cardiovascular events, with a concerning trend toward harm. This review outlines the lessons learned from the basic science, animal, observational, and randomized trials, and then summarizes yet-unanswered questions of hormone therapy and cardiovascular risk.

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Transdermal estrogens do not appear to modify the extent of lesional areas of aortic atherosclerosis in oophorectomized rabbits on a cholesterol-rich diet

Cited by 14 publications

References 22 publications

Isoflavonoid Compounds from Red Clover (Trifolium pratense) Protect from Inflammation and Immune Suppression Induced by UV Radiation¶

Isoflavonoid Compounds from Red Clover (Trifolium pratense) Protect from Inflammation and Immune Suppression Induced by UV Radiation¶

Anti-inflammatory effects of a Chinese herbal medicine in atherosclerosis via estrogen receptor β mediating nitric oxide production and NF-κB suppression in endothelial cells

Hormone Replacement Therapy and the Cardiovascular System

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