Transesophageal Echocardiographic Dimensional Analysis of Four Cardiac Chambers during Positive End-expiratory Pressure

Fluid responsiveness in spontaneously breathing patients: A review of indexes used in intensive care

“…Radionuclide angiography (32), cineangiocardiography (33), and thermodilution (34) techniques have been used to estimate ventricular volumes for half a century. In the intensive care unit, different methods to assess ventricular end-diastolic volumes have been used at the bedside such as radionuclide angiography (35,36), transthoracic echocardiography (37)(38)(39), transesophageal echocardiography (40), and a modified flowdirected pulmonary artery catheter that allows the measurement of CO and right ventricular ejection fraction (as well as the calculation of right ventricular endsystolic and end-diastolic volumes) (10,13).…”

Effect of Positive End‐Expiratory Pressure on Oxygen Delivery During 1‐Lung Ventilation for Thoracoscopy in Normal Dogs

“…However, PEEP has been shown to affect cardiac output by reducing venous return, and reducing left and right ventricular end-diastolic volume. 21,31,[36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] Because PEEP is increasing intrathoracic pressure, it is having mostly a negative effect on cardiac function when the thoracic cavity is closed. 49,50 Also with a closed chest, as lungs cannot overinflate, PEEP induces an augmentation of pulmonary vascular resistance.…”

Left Ventricular Performance and Dimensions in Patients with Severe Emphysema

“…It would therefore seem reasonable that PEEP i levels were also high in the present study, particularly as our patients were studied during positive pressure ventilation, which further aggravates dynamic hyperinflation and PEEPi in patients with severe emphysema (20). In patients with normal lung function, and in volunteers, positive pressure-respiration with PEEP depletes the intrathoracic vascular bed and the heart, decreasing both pulmonary, right ventricular (RV) and LV end-diastolic dimensions (21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27).…”