Transesterification of sunflower oil on single step sol–gel made Al2O3 supported CaO catalysts: Effect of basic strength and basicity on turnover frequency

Umdu, Emin Selahattin; Şeker, Erol

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2011.11.135

Cited by 39 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The phenomena were apparently due to the insertion of CaO or KI into pores and surface of Al 2 O 3 . An identical measurement has been discussed by several researchers [9,10,[12][13][14]. Referring to this range of pore size (2 to 50 nm = mesopore), the average pore size of the catalysts ranged from 10.9 to 18.6 nm categorize as mesoporous type.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

SYNTHESIS OF ALUMINA-CaO-KI CATALYST FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL FROM RUBBER SEED OIL

2018

MJAS

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In this research, biodiesel was produced by transesterification of rubber seed oil with methanol catalyzed by three types of alumina-supported catalyst. The catalysts were Al 2 O 3 -CaO, Al 2 O 3 -KI, and Al 2 O 3 -CaO-KI. The catalysts were prepared by heating a mixture of alumina and the corresponding salt in a furnace at 700 o C. Transesterification reactions were carried out at 65 °C using a mixture of rubber seed oil: methanol of mass ratio 1:9 with different catalyst loadings between 0 and 3.5%. The optimum catalyst loading was at 2.0% for all types of catalyst and Al 2 O 3 -CaO-KI gave the highest yield (91.6%) followed by Al 2 O 3 -KI (90.7%) and Al 2 O 3 -CaO (63.5%). The catalyst Al 2 O 3 -CaO-KI also gave high biodiesel yields over a wider range of catalyst loadings compared to the other two catalysts. Reactions were also carried out at different temperatures (25, 40 and 65°C). It was observed that the yield increased drastically with increasing reaction temperature. At all temperatures the Al 2 O 3 -CaO-KI catalyst gave the highest yield. Therefore, the study showed that among these three catalysts the most productive was Al 2 O 3 -CaO-KI, (100:30:35).Keywords: alumina-supported catalyst, biodiesel, rubber seed oil, transesterification AbstrakDalam kajian ini, biodiesel dihasilkan melalui tindak balas transesterifikasi minyak biji getah dengan metanol menggunakan tiga jenis mangkin tersokong alumina. Mangkin-mangkin tersebut adalah Al 2 O 3 -CaO, Al 2 O 3 -KI dan Al 2 O 3 -CaO-KI. Mangkinmangkin itu disediakan dengan pemanasan campuran alumina dan garam yang berkaitan di dalam relau pada suhu 700 °C. Tindak balas transesterifikasi dijalankan pada suhu 65 °C dengan menggunakan campuran minyak biji getah: metanol dengan nisbah jisim 1:9 dengan beban mangkin yang berbeza di antara 0 hingga 3.5%. Beban mangkin yang optimum adalah 2.0% untuk semua jenis mangkin dan mangkin Al 2 O 3 -CaO-KI memberikan peratus hasil yang paling tinggi (91.6%) diikuti oleh Al 2 O 3 -KI (90.7%) dan Al 2 O 3 -CaO (63.5%). Mangkin Al 2 O 3 -CaO-KI juga memberikan peratus hasil biodiesel yang tinggi pada julat beban mangkin yang lebih besar berbanding dengan dua mangkin yang lain. Tindak balas juga dijalankan pada suhu-suhu yang berbeza (25, 40 dan 65 °C). Didapati bahawa peratus hasil meningkat secara mendadak dengan peningkatan suhu tindak balas. Pada sebarang suhu mangkin Al 2 O 3 -CaO-KI memberikan peratus hasil yang paling tinggi. Oleh itu, kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa di antara ketiga-tiga jenis mangkin ini Al 2 O 3 -CaO-KI, (100:30:35) adalah yang paling produktif.Kata kunci: mangkin tersokong alumina, biodiesel, minyak biji getah, transesterifikasi

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

SYNTHESIS OF ALUMINA-CaO-KI CATALYST FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL FROM RUBBER SEED OIL

2018

MJAS

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“…The most reported method of producing biodiesel is the transesterification of vegetable oils and animal fats with methanol in the presence of an acid or basic catalyst [3]. Base catalysts are usually preferred over acid catalysts because of the higher reaction rate and lower reaction temperature than those required in an acid catalyst system [4].Generally, most industrial applications use homogeneous base catalysts such as NaOH or KOH [5]. The separation of catalyst and by-products from the esters is difficult and results in high amounts of wasted water and energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transesterification of waste cooking palm oil and palm oil to fatty acid methyl ester using cesium-modified silica catalyst

Amani

Asif

Hameed

2016

Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers

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“…The performance of catalytic materials used in the glycerol transesterification reaction mainly depends on the textural properties, catalyst surface basicity, and basic strength distribution of the materials. The CO 2 desorption peak area is proportional to the amount of base, and the CO 2 desorption temperature represents the basic strength . Compared to the other rare earth‐doped, calcium‐based magnetic catalysts, NiFe 2 O 4 @CaO showed the highest desorption temperature, so it possessed the strongest basic strength.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rare earth‐doped calcium‐based magnetic catalysts for transesterification of glycerol to glycerol carbonate

Zhang

Zhu

Fan

et al. 2018

J Chinese Chemical Soc

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Several rare earth‐doped, calcium‐based magnetic catalysts were prepared for the synthesis of glycerol carbonate. The basicity and basic strength analysis of the catalysts showed that the doping of rare earth improved the basicity of the catalysts, and the doping of lanthanum maximized it. In addition, with the doping of lanthanum, the particle size of the catalyst became smaller to promote the organic reactants near the active sites of catalysts, thereby effectively improving the performance. NiFe2O4@[CaO‐La2O3] shows better catalytic performance with 99.0% yield of glycerol carbonate compared to the other catalysts. The NiFe2O4@(CaO‐La2O3) could be reused in six cycles without significant loss in activity.

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Transesterification of sunflower oil on single step sol–gel made Al2O3 supported CaO catalysts: Effect of basic strength and basicity on turnover frequency

Cited by 39 publications

References 18 publications

SYNTHESIS OF ALUMINA-CaO-KI CATALYST FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL FROM RUBBER SEED OIL

SYNTHESIS OF ALUMINA-CaO-KI CATALYST FOR THE PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL FROM RUBBER SEED OIL

Transesterification of waste cooking palm oil and palm oil to fatty acid methyl ester using cesium-modified silica catalyst

Rare earth‐doped calcium‐based magnetic catalysts for transesterification of glycerol to glycerol carbonate

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