Transfer factor: a murine model

Williams, Megan E.; Kauffman, Carol A.

doi:10.1128/iai.27.1.187-191.1980

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…As previously noted, other investigators have demonstrated the specificity of various TF preparations in animal models (9,11,18,21,25). In this study we did not attempt to challenge the mice with other strains of Salmonella after TF administration to determine whether cross-protection existed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Transfer of Salmonella resistance and delayed hypersensitivity with murine-derived transfer factor

Smith¹,

Esa²,

Stiff³

1982

Infect Immun

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Protective host immunity and delayed hypersensitivity were transferred to nonimmune ICR and C3H/HeJ mice with transfer factor prepared from the splenic lymphocytes of ICR Swiss mice immune to Salmonella typhimurium. Only mice injected with the "immune" dialysate exhibited significant footpad swelling (P less than 0.01) to a spent medium antigen of S. typhimurium, but not Listeria monocytogenes. Host survival to a lethal Salmonella challenge infection was seen only in transfer factor-injected mice. Also, these challenged animals had fewer numbers of bacteria present in their spleens (P less than 0.01) than did challenged mice previously injected with either control dialysates or commercial endotoxin. Neither the Salmonella antigens nor endotoxin present in the sterile transfer factor preparation was responsible for the transfer of host protection and delayed hypersensitivity, since none of the control dialysates resulted in any positive responses when injected into either the ICR Swiss or endotoxin-resistant C3H/HeJ mice.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Transfer of Salmonella resistance and delayed hypersensitivity with murine-derived transfer factor

Smith¹,

Esa²,

Stiff³

1982

Infect Immun

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Contrary, in patients with DLE as adjuvant, CD4+ and CD8+ and B lymphocytes stayed within median value with increased NK cells amount after logical situations, including inflammation, autoimmunity, transplantation reactions, asthma and anti-tumour immunity [56,57], enhance local inflammatory reactions and modulate immune system functions [58,59]. This pathway may represent main mechanism of immunomodulatory and immunotherapeutic TF actions described in various models [60]. According to last half century studies DLE or TF determines wide range of possibilities to use but due to TF is complex group of many low molecular weight proteins (more than 200), its precise molecular structure and mechanisms of action have not been elucidated yet, which means different studies might be using different TFs and as such need more comparable research conducted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2019

Int J Immunol Immunother

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Immune Modulating Peptides (IMP) discussed in literature as a universal immunocorrectors with wide areas of usage which balance the immune system without causing global immune suppression or overreaction. The present article aim is to review the effect and drawbacks of IMPs in form of Dialyzable leukocyte Extracts (DLE) or Transfer Factors (TF) during and following chemotherapy, radiotherapy, drugs interactions, cancer response and clinical outcomes in different cases of cancers such as metastatic breast cancer, glioma, prostate cancer, osteosarcoma and others. The considered cases of immune overreaction and IMP's impact include autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and allergic reactions. The most difficult therapeutic decision is to choose the right treatment for patients with cancer and autoimmune diseases as they both attempt to supervise and control the immune system, managing immune cells in opposite sides. As patients with autoimmune disease experience difficulty to stay in such treatment when immune cells stimulated in order to identify and destroy cancer cells the IMP as immunocorrectors become one of the main and only healthy choices. The universal mechanism of IMPs action and the absence of contraindications extend the indications for their use in pediatric practice. This includes the complex treatment of respiratory viral infections, the possibility of using in frequently ill children with clinical signs of immune dysfunction and acute intestinal infections. According to the reports on safety, absence of adverse and side effects along with positive outcome for patients the IMPs considered as valuable immunocorrector.

show abstract

“…One of the substances with immunomodulatory effects is a low-molecular weight dialysable leukocyte extract, originally called transfer factor. This extract was proposed to transfer or support specific immunity (Lawrence, 1955), but subsequently more general immunomodulatory properties of TF were detected and TF was used to improve or bal-ance immunological reactivity in different models and in various species, including humans (Jeter et al, 1954;Lawrence, 1955Lawrence, , 1969Burger et al, 1972;Liburd et al, 1972;Bloom, 1973;Klesius and Fudenberg, 1977;Simon et al, 1977;Williams and Kauffman, 1980;reviewed in Viza et al, 2013).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In spite of promising results demonstrating the therapeutic potential of TF in experimental models in mice (Williams and Kauffman, 1980), rats (Liburd et al, 1972), guinea pigs (Burger et al, 1972), dogs (Simon et al, 1977) and cows (Klesius and Fudenberg, 1977), clinical trials to transfer specific immunity yielded variable results (Lawrence, 1969). The research on TF mostly waned, and only a spare data on therapeutic effects of TF has been recently published in patients with cancers (Franco-Molina et al, 2008;Lara et al, 2010) and varicella zoster virus infections (Estrada-Parra et al, 1998), in experimental pulmonary tuberculosis (Fabre et al, 2004) and in some other infectious diseases, as recently reviewed by Viza et al (2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Low-Molecular-Weight Dialysable Leukocyte Extract Selectively Enhances Development of CD4+RORγt+ T Cells and IL-17 Production

Zajícová,

Javorková,

Trošan

et al. 2014

Fol. Biol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A low-molecular-weight (under 10 kDa) dialysable leukocyte extract (called transfer factor, TF) has been shown to be a prospective substance to improve or modulate immune response in autoimmunity, inflammation, infectious diseases or cancers. However, the use of TF has been limited by the absence of any data on the mechanism of its action. Here we show that TF prepared from peripheral blood leukocytes of healthy human donors displays multiple regulatory effects on individual parameters of the immune system. TF decreases proliferation of T and B lymphocytes and partially alters the production of cytokines and nitric oxide by activated macrophages. TF also inhibits production of T helper 1 (Th1) cytokines interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interferon γ, slightly stimulates production of Th2 cytokine IL-10 and considerably enhances the secretion of IL-17 by activated mouse spleen T cells. At the molecular level, TF enhances expression of genes for transcription factor RORγt and for IL-17. The enhanced expression of the RORgt gene corresponds with an increase in the number of RORγt+CD4+ Th17 cells and with enhanced IL-17 production. In contrast, the expression of the Foxp3 gene and the proportion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells are not significantly changed in the presence of TF. These results suggest that the activation of pro-inflammatory Th17 cells, which have multiple immunoregulatory properties, could be the main mechanism of the immunomodulatory action of a low-molecular-weight leukocyte extract.

show abstract

Transfer factor: a murine model

Cited by 10 publications

References 21 publications

Transfer of Salmonella resistance and delayed hypersensitivity with murine-derived transfer factor

Transfer of Salmonella resistance and delayed hypersensitivity with murine-derived transfer factor

Untitled

A Low-Molecular-Weight Dialysable Leukocyte Extract Selectively Enhances Development of CD4+RORγt+ T Cells and IL-17 Production

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About