Transfer-Inappropriate Processing

The existence of across-notation automatic numerical processing of two-digit (2D) numbers was explored using size comparisons tasks. Participants were Arabic speakers, who use two sets of numerical symbols—Arabic and Indian. They were presented with pairs of 2D numbers in the same or in mixed notations. Responses for a numerical comparison task were affected by decade difference and unit-decade compatibility and global distance in both conditions, extending previous findings with Arabic digits (Nuerk, Weger, & Willmes, 2001). Responses for a physical comparison task were affected by congruency with the numerical size, as indicated by the size congruency effect (SiCE). The SiCE was affected by unit-decade compatibility but not by global distance, thus suggesting that the units and decades digits of the 2D numbers, but not the whole number value were automatically translated into a common representation of magnitude. The presence of similar results for same- and mixed-notation pairs supports the idea of an abstract representation of magnitude.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Response-Retrieval and Negative Priming

Ihrke

Behrendt

Schrobsdorff

et al. 2011

“…A prominent retrieval approach for selection situations in which target stimuli are accompanied by distractor stimuli is the episodic-retrieval theory originally introduced by Neill (e.g., Neill, 2007; Neill & Mathis, 1998; Neill, Valdes, Terry, & Gorfein, 1992). Here it is assumed that stimuli are encoded with do-respond or do-not-respond tags which are retrieved when a stimulus is encountered a second time.…”

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confidence: 99%

On the Decay of Distractor-Response Episodes

Frings

2011

Distractor-to-distractor repetition effects can be explained by retrieval and/or inhibitory processes. Interestingly, the two accounts predict different effects from repeated distractors: Inhibition theories always predict benefits, whereas stimulus-response-retrieval theories predict an interaction of response repetition and distractor repetitions, resulting in benefits with response repetitions and costs with response changes. In the present experiment the time-course and the temporal separability of a stimulus-response episode on distractor-to-distractor repetitions were analyzed. The results showed that the interaction of response repetition and distractor repetitions was affected by a simple decay function. In addition, distractor repetition effects were affected by the temporal separability. In concert, the data yield evidence for retrieval-based explanations of distractor-to-distractor repetitions.

“…Negative priming, which refers to delayed responses to previously ignored distractors (Tipper, 1985; Tipper & Cranston, 1985; see Fox, 1995; May, Kane, & Hasher, 1995; Neill, Valdes, & Terry, 1995 for reviews), is an intriguing and important phenomenon in both cognitive and clinical psychology. This phenomenon may reveal the inhibitory process in selective attention (Tipper, 1985; Tipper & Cranston, 1985), the retrieval process in a selective attention task (Mayr & Buchner, 2006; Neill, 1997; Neill & Mathis, 1998; Neill & Valdes, 1992; Neill, Valdes, Terry, & Gorfein, 1992), or both (Chao & Yeh, 2004; Kane, May, Hasher, Rahhal, & Stoltzfus, 1997; May et al, 1995; Tipper, 2001). Besides its importance in cognitive psychology, the negative priming paradigm is often used to measure the ability of attentional inhibition in clinical psychology (e.g., Beech, Powell, McWilliam, & Claridge, 1989; Dorahy, Middleton, & Irwin, 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

Controlled Processing in Single-Prime Negative Priming

Chao

Yeh

2008

Negative priming refers to delayed responses to previously ignored distractors. Unlike conventional studies of negative priming in which the attentional selection of a target against its distractors is required in prime trials (prime-selection negative priming), in single-prime negative priming, a prime stimulus is presented briefly. To further investigate the nature of single-prime negative priming, its properties were examined. In Experiment 1, the proportion of repetition was varied. The effect of single-prime negative priming was reduced when the proportion of repetition was high. In addition, Experiment 2 showed that high memory load could hamper the single-prime negative priming effect. Overall, the current study indicates controlled processing in single-prime negative priming and similarities between single-prime negative priming and prime-selection negative priming.