Transfer of cadmium and lead from soil to mangoes in an uncontaminated area, Hainan Island, China

Lead Uptake, Toxicity, and Detoxification in Plants

“…These factors include pH (Kopittke et al 2008;Lawal et al 2010;V e g ae ta l .2010), redox conditions (Tabelin and Igarashi 2009), cation-exchange capacity (Vega et al 2010), soil mineralogy (Dumat et al 2006), biological and microbial conditions (Arias et al 2010), amount of lead present (Bi et al 2010;Cenkci et al 2010;Lawal et al 2010), organic and inorganic ligand levels (Padmavathiamma and Li 2010; Sammut et al 2010;Shahid et al 2011), competing cation levels (Kopittke et al 2008;Komjarova and Blust 2009), and plant species involved (Kovalchuk et al 2005;Bietal.2010;Liu et al 2010). Such factors may act individually or in combination with each other and may alter the soil behavior of the lead present, as well as the rate of uptake by plants.…”

Electrochemical and spectroscopic characteristics of dissolved organic matter in a forest soil profile

“…Soil pH was measured in a 2.5:1 water/dry soil suspension using a pH meter (Bi et al, 2010). Total organic carbon (TOC) and total nitrogen (TN) content were determined with the potassium dichromate method and semimicro Kieldahl method (Bi et al, 2010;Chen et al, 2010), respectively.…”

Electron transfer capacity of soil dissolved organic matter and its potential impact on soil respiration

“…Particle size fraction standard proposed by USDA was used as follows: 53 to 2,000 μm for sand, 2 to 53 μm for silt, and smaller than 2 μm for clay. Soil pH was measured with a water/dry soil ratio of 2.5:1 using a pH meter (Bi et al 2010). Total organic C (TOC) was determined with the potassium dichromate method (Bi et al 2010).…”

“…Soil pH was measured with a water/dry soil ratio of 2.5:1 using a pH meter (Bi et al 2010). Total organic C (TOC) was determined with the potassium dichromate method (Bi et al 2010). Total N (N tot ) was determined using the semimicro Kjeldahl method.…”