Transfer of free fatty acids across the primate placenta

Ow, Portman; Behrman, R. E.; Soltys, Patricia A.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1969.216.1.143

Cited by 109 publications

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“…18 Insulin resistant individuals have higher fasting plasma triglyceride levels and greater leucine turnover. 19,20 Amino acids are insulin secretagogues and an increased flux on amino acids could stimulate foetal hyperinsulinaemia. Triglycerides are energy rich and placental lipases can cleave triglyceride and transfer free fatty acids to the foetus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal obesity and pregnancy outcome: a study of 287 213 pregnancies in London

et al. 2001

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OBJECTIVE:To examine the maternal and foetal risks of adverse pregnancy outcome in relation to maternal obesity, expressed as body mass index (BMI, kg=m 2 ) in a large unselected geographical population. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of data from a validated maternity database system which includes all but one of the maternity units in the North West Thames Region. A comparison of pregnancy outcomes was made on the basis of maternal BMI at booking. SUBJECTS: A total of 287 213 completed singleton pregnancies were studied including 176 923 (61.6%) normal weight (BMI 20 -24.9), 79 014 (27.5%) moderately obese ) and 31 276 (10.9%) very obese (BMI ! 30) women. MEASUREMENTS: Ante-natal complications, intervention in labour, maternal morbidity and neonatal outcome were examined and data presented as raw frequencies and adjusted odds ratios with 99% confidence intervals following logistic regression analysis to account for confounding variables. RESULTS: Compared to women with normal BMI, the following outcomes were significantly more common in obese pregnant women (odds ratio (99% confidence interval) for BMI 25 -30 and BMI ! 30 respectively): gestational diabetes mellitus (1.68 (1.53 -1.84), 3.6 (3.25 -3.98)); proteinuric pre-eclampsia (1.44 (1.28 -1.62), 2.14 (1.85 -2.47)); induction of labour (2.14 (1.85 -2.47), 1.70 (1.64 -1.76)); delivery by emergency caesarian section (1.30 (1.25 -1.34), 1.83 (1.74 -1.93)); postpartum haemorrhage (1.16 (1.12 -1.21), 1.39 (1.32 -1.46)); genital tract infection (1.24 (1.09 -1.41), 1.30 (1.07 -1.56)); urinary tract infection (1.17 (1.04 -1.33), 1.39 (1.18 -1.63)); wound infection (1.27 (1.09 -1.48), 2.24 (1.91 -2.64)); birthweight above the 90th centile (1.57 (1.50 -1.64), 2.36 (2.23 -2.50)), and intrauterine death (1.10 (0.94 -1.28), 1.40 (1.14 -1.71)). However, delivery before 32 weeks' gestation (0.73 (0.65 -0.82), 0.81 (0.69 -0.95)) and breastfeeding at discharge (0.86 (0.84 -0.88), 0.58 (0.56 -0.60)) were significantly less likely in the overweight groups. In all cases, increasing maternal BMI was associated with increased magnitude of risk. CONCLUSION: Maternal obesity carries significant risks for the mother and foetus. The risk increases with the degree of obesity and persists after accounting for other confounding demographic factors. The basis of many of the complications is likely to be related to the altered metabolic state associated with morbid obesity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal obesity and pregnancy outcome: a study of 287 213 pregnancies in London

et al. 2001

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“…Together with other de novo synthesized fatty acids, OA constitutes about 80% of the fatty acids that accumulate in the newborn's fat mass [21]. The fetus synthesizes abundant OA, but receives limited fatty acids across the placenta [22] and is inefficient in trapping free linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6) as shown at least in primates [23]. This contributes to a high fetal OA/LA ratio that stimulates fetal delta-6 desaturase (FADS2) to synthesize Mead acid from OA, at the expense of AA from LA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mildly abnormal general movement quality in infants is associated with higher Mead acid and lower arachidonic acid and shows a U-shaped relation with the DHA/AA ratio

Goor

Schaafsma

Erwich

et al. 2010

Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids

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Mildly abnormal general movement quality in infants is associated with higher Mead acid and lower arachidonic acid and shows a U-shaped relation with the DHA/AA ratio van Goor, S. A.; Schaafsma, A.; Erwich, Jan Jaap H. M.; Brouwer, Dineke; Muskiet, Frits Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim.Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. a b s t r a c tWe showed that docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation during pregnancy and lactation was associated with more mildly abnormal (MA) general movements (GMs) in the infants. Since this finding was unexpected and inter-individual DHA intakes are highly variable, we explored the relationship between GM quality and erythrocyte DHA, arachidonic acid (AA), DHA/AA and Mead acid in 57 infants of this trial. MA GMs were inversely related to AA, associated with Mead acid, and associated with DHA/ AA in a U-shaped manner. These relationships may indicate dependence of newborn AA status on synthesis from linoleic acid. This becomes restricted during the intrauterine period by abundant de novo synthesis of oleic and Mead acids from glucose, consistent with reduced insulin sensitivity during the third trimester. The descending part of the U-shaped relation between MA GMs and DHA/AA probably indicates DHA shortage next to AA shortage. The ascending part may reflect a different developmental trajectory that is not necessarily unfavorable.

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“…The present notion is that placental FA uptake takes place by facilitated diffusion of maternal albumin-bound FFA and those released from VLDL-TO by placental lipoprotein lipase (IS, 16). Studies in monkeys showed that FFA are both transferred from mother to fetus and from fetus to mother (38). No experiments regarding placental perfusion have been performed with LCPUFA in maternal circulation and fat-free AFP in fetal circulation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gestational Age Dependency of Essential Fatty Acids in Cord Plasma Cholesterol Esters and Triglycerides

et al. 1994

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ABSTRACT. Plasma cholesterol ester and triglyceride fatty acid compositions of 38 singleton deliveries (23-42 wk), three twins (32, 39, and 40 wk), and their mothers were investigated. No gestational age-dependent changes occurred in maternal fatty acid compositions. Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in fetal cholesterol esters and triglycerides were higher, and their precursors (18:2c,w6 and 18:3c,w3) were lower than those in corresponding maternal lipid classes. Except for 22:6c,w3, 20:2c,w6, and 22:5c,w6, all long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in fetal triglycerides increased with advancing gestation. Fetal triglyceride 22:6c,w3/22:5c,w3 ratio decreased, whereas 22:5c,w6/22:4c,w6 remained constant. Fetal cholesterol ester and triglyceride 20:3c,w9 contents were higher than those of corresponding maternal fractions and did not change with gestation. Triglyceride 18:2c,w6 contents of babies with gestational ages of more than 34 wk were linearly related to those of their mothers. The data suggest that increasing triglyceride long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content with advancing gestation is partially caused by a6-and a5-desaturase maturation in the liver. 22:6c,w3 and 22:5c,w6/22:4c,w6 and decrease of 22:6c,w3/22:5c,w3 in triglycerides may point to low hepatic a4-desaturation. Transplacental transport of 20:3c,w9, followed by fetal conservation, should be considered. High 18:2c,w6 and low 18:3c,w3 intakes by the mother may unfavorably influence fetal production of 22:6c,w3 in the liver. Because of low hepatic a4-desaturation capacity the influence may be small, however. iPediatr Res 35: 461-469, 1994) Abbreviations CE, cholesterol ester TG, triglyceride FA, fatty acid LCPUFA, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid EF A, essential fatty acid LCAT, lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase PC, phosphatidylcholine AFP, a-fetoprotein Constancy ofThe parent EFA, linoleic (18:2c,w6) and a-linolenic (18:3c,w3) acids, are partially converted into LCPUFA with 20 carbon atoms or more. LCPUFA biosynthetic routes comprise altema-

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Transfer of free fatty acids across the primate placenta

Cited by 109 publications

References 0 publications

Maternal obesity and pregnancy outcome: a study of 287 213 pregnancies in London

Maternal obesity and pregnancy outcome: a study of 287 213 pregnancies in London

Mildly abnormal general movement quality in infants is associated with higher Mead acid and lower arachidonic acid and shows a U-shaped relation with the DHA/AA ratio

Gestational Age Dependency of Essential Fatty Acids in Cord Plasma Cholesterol Esters and Triglycerides

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