Transfer RNA-Derived Small RNAs in the Pathogenesis of Parasitic Protozoa

Peng, Ruofan; Santos, Herbert J.; Nozaki, Tomoyoshi

doi:10.3390/genes13020286

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…This entails that, in their ancestral state, PIWI proteins could have been expressed broadly and had functions independent of germline maintenance (Ross et al, 2014). In line with this, recent reports suggest the existence of an active system of non-coding RNAs (Matrajt, 2010;Wang et al, 2012;Li et al, 2020;Jung et al, 2022;Peng et al, 2022;Zhang et al, 2022), including miRNAs (Rojas-Pirela et a.l, 2022) in the Apicomplexa phylum. Furthermore, EVs secreted from Toxoplasma have recently been reported and characterized (Wowk et al, 2017;Silva et al, 2018).…”

Section: Pirna Pathway In Protozoan Parasites: Trypanosoma and Apicom...mentioning

confidence: 90%

piRNA pathway evolution beyond gonad context: Perspectives from apicomplexa and trypanosomatids

Horjales

Calzi²,

Francia³

et al. 2023

Front. Genet.

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piRNAs function as genome defense mechanisms against transposable elements insertions within germ line cells. Recent studies have unraveled that piRNA pathways are not limited to germ cells as initially reckoned, but are instead also found in non-gonadal somatic contexts. Moreover, these pathways have also been reported in bacteria, mollusks and arthropods, associated with safeguard of genomes against transposable elements, regulation of gene expression and with direct consequences in axon regeneration and memory formation. In this Perspective we draw attention to early branching parasitic protozoa, whose genome preservation is an essential function as in late eukaryotes. However, little is known about the defense mechanisms of these genomes. We and others have described the presence of putative PIWI-related machinery members in protozoan parasites. We have described the presence of a PIWI-like protein in Trypanosoma cruzi, bound to small non-coding RNAs (sRNAs) as cargo of secreted extracellular vesicles relevant in intercellular communication and host infection. Herein, we put forward the presence of members related to Argonaute pathways in both Trypanosoma cruzi and Toxoplasma gondii. The presence of PIWI-like machinery in Trypansomatids and Apicomplexa, respectively, could be evidence of an ancestral piRNA machinery that evolved to become more sophisticated and complex in multicellular eukaryotes. We propose a model in which ancient PIWI proteins were expressed broadly and had functions independent of germline maintenance. A better understanding of current and ancestral PIWI/piRNAs will be relevant to better understand key mechanisms of genome integrity conservation during cell cycle progression and modulation of host defense mechanisms by protozoan parasites.

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Section: Pirna Pathway In Protozoan Parasites: Trypanosoma and Apicom...mentioning

confidence: 90%

piRNA pathway evolution beyond gonad context: Perspectives from apicomplexa and trypanosomatids

Horjales

Calzi²,

Francia³

et al. 2023

Front. Genet.

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“…Coding RNAs/mRNA encodes protein to act as various components including enzymes, cell structures, and signal transductors. Transfer RNA (tRNA) are 76–90 nucleotides, that serve as the physical link between transcriptome and proteome (the mRNA and the amino acid sequence of proteins respectively) decoding information present in mRNA sequences into specific proteins ( Peng et al, 2022 ). In cardiovascular diseases, a wide range of RNA modifications including m 6 A (N6-adenosine methylation), m 5 C (5-methylcytidin), Nm (2′-O-ribose-methylation), (pseudouridine), m 7 G (N7-methylguanosine), and m 1 A (N1-adenosine methylation) have been found in tRNA, rRNA, mRNA which are involved in metabolic syndrome, heart failure, coronary heart disease, and hypertension ( Wu et al, 2019 ).…”

Section: Transcriptomes In Congenital Heart Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome studies of congenital heart diseases: identifying current gaps and therapeutic frontiers

Odogwu,

Hagen,

Nelson

2023

Front. Genet.

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Congenital heart disease (CHD) are genetically complex and comprise a wide range of structural defects that often predispose to - early heart failure, a common cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Transcriptome studies of CHD in human pediatric patients indicated a broad spectrum of diverse molecular signatures across various types of CHD. In order to advance research on congenital heart diseases (CHDs), we conducted a detailed review of transcriptome studies on this topic. Our analysis identified gaps in the literature, with a particular focus on the cardiac transcriptome signatures found in various biological specimens across different types of CHDs. In addition to translational studies involving human subjects, we also examined transcriptomic analyses of CHDs in a range of model systems, including iPSCs and animal models. We concluded that RNA-seq technology has revolutionized medical research and many of the discoveries from CHD transcriptome studies draw attention to biological pathways that concurrently open the door to a better understanding of cardiac development and related therapeutic avenue. While some crucial impediments to perfectly studying CHDs in this context remain obtaining pediatric cardiac tissue samples, phenotypic variation, and the lack of anatomical/spatial context with model systems. Combining model systems, RNA-seq technology, and integrating algorithms for analyzing transcriptomic data at both single-cell and high throughput spatial resolution is expected to continue uncovering unique biological pathways that are perturbed in CHDs, thus facilitating the development of novel therapy for congenital heart disease.

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“…The formation of tiRNAs involves the specific cleavage of angiopoietin on the anticodon ring of mature tRNA. These tsRNAs regulate a range of molecular processes, from gene translation and RNA stability to cellular proliferation and differentiation ( 170 , 171 ).tsRNA is a new RNA species found abundantly in many tissues including neural tissue ( 172 ). Although it is largely unstudied in the context of neurological diseases, Magistri et al.…”

Section: Role Of Non-coding Rnas In Ad Neuroinflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Coding RNAs as Novel Regulators of Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease

et al. 2022

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most common causes of dementia. Although significant breakthroughs have been made in understanding the progression and pathogenesis of AD, it remains a worldwide problem and a significant public health burden. Thus, more efficient diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are urgently required. The latest research studies have revealed that neuroinflammation is crucial in the pathogenesis of AD. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), and transfer RNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs), have been strongly associated with AD-induced neuroinflammation. Furthermore, several ongoing pre-clinical studies are currently investigating ncRNA as disease biomarkers and therapeutic interventions to provide new perspectives for AD diagnosis and treatment. In this review, the role of different types of ncRNAs in neuroinflammation during AD are summarized in order to improve our understanding of AD etiology and aid in the translation of basic research into clinical practice.

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Transfer RNA-Derived Small RNAs in the Pathogenesis of Parasitic Protozoa

Cited by 8 publications

References 102 publications

piRNA pathway evolution beyond gonad context: Perspectives from apicomplexa and trypanosomatids

piRNA pathway evolution beyond gonad context: Perspectives from apicomplexa and trypanosomatids

Transcriptome studies of congenital heart diseases: identifying current gaps and therapeutic frontiers

Non-Coding RNAs as Novel Regulators of Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease

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