Transference of multiple resistance to peanut through the development of cross-compatible complex hybrids of wild Arachis

Abstract

Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is a tetraploid species with an A and B genome, while the majority of wild Arachis species are diploid with distinct genomes. In pre-breeding programs, one way to introgress interesting wild genes into peanut is by producing amphidiploids. This study aimed at the hybridization between distinct amphidiploids and their characterization, to combine high crossability with peanut, observed in some amphidiploids, with high pest and disease resistances observed in others. These new hybrids were called complex hybrids. Four amphidiploids previously obtained were crossed at four different combinations, and the derived complex hybrids were crossed with four peanut cultivars. Morphological, reproductive, chromosome complement, molecular markers for hybrid identification, phytopatological, and entomological characterizations were performed on the complex hybrids. All cross combinations resulted in complex hybrids. One complete complement of each diploid progenitor was confirmed in each hybrid. Plants of six distinct hybrid combinations were obtained between the complex hybrids and peanut. Based on morphological characterization, differences among progenies from distinct cross combinations were observed. Complex hybrids were considered more resistant to all diseases and pests than peanut cultivars. The simultaneous introgression of genes from four wild Arachis species into peanut was possible through the development of complex hybrids.

Genetic enhancement of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] germplasm through wide hybridization

“…As a penultimate objective, the amphidiploids were crossed among themselves to induce maximum recombination between the different genomes so that there is a greater probability of obtaining desirable segregants. This was supported by the views of Favero et al (2020) in Arachis sp. that there is a possibility to obtain complex hybrid derivatives generated by crossing between the amphidiploids with high crossability rates.…”

“…The results are encouraging considering that simultaneous introgression of genes from four wild Arachis species into peanuts was possible through the development of complex hybrids by crossing between amphidiploids of Arachis spp. (Favero et al, 2020). Further, the derivatives from these complex multi-crosses can be used for conducting basic studies to understand the genetic mechanisms of virus tolerance in Abelmoschus.…”

“…In addition to disease resistance, other agronomic traits such as male sterility (Sigareva and Earle, 1997 in cabbage) and abiotic stress tolerance (Wei et al, 2015 in tobacco) have also been transferred by wide hybridization. Successful development and characterization of amphidiploids have been reported in several crops such as wheat (Zhang et al, 2016;Song et al, 2019;Klimushina et al, 2020;Zuo et al, 2020;Ren et al, 2022), rice (Wang et al, 2013;Kumar et al, 2019), peanut (de Paula et al, 2017;Li-Na et al, 2017;Favero et al, 2020;Balleń-Taborda et al, 2022), Brassica (Thomsen, 1990;Song et al, 1993), Vigna (Mjnocha et al, 1991), Dianthus (Nimura et al, 2006), Cucumis (Chen et al, 2002), and Solanum (Khan et al, 2013;Zhou et al, 2018). Even though many workers have attempted and succeeded in developing interspecific hybrids, the introgressed lines could be utilized only after eliminating the fertility barriers associated with the hybrids.…”

Trends and Perspectives for the Use of Crop Wild Relatives in Crop Breeding

“…In addition to disease resistance, other agronomic traits such as male sterility (Sigareva and Earle, 1997 in cabbage) and abiotic stress tolerance (Wei et al, 2015 in tobacco) have also been transferred by wide hybridization. Successful development and characterization of amphidiploids have been reported in several crops such as wheat Song et al, 2019;Klimushina et al, 2020;Zuo et al, 2020;, rice (Wang et al, 2013;), peanut (de Paula et al, 2017Li-Na et al, 2017;Favero et al, 2020;Balleń-Taborda et al, 2022), Brassica (Thomsen, 1990;Song et al, 1993), Vigna (Mjnocha et al, 1991), Dianthus (Nimura et al, 2006), Cucumis (Chen et al, 2002), and Solanum (Khan et al, 2013;. Even though many workers have attempted and succeeded in developing interspecific hybrids, the introgressed lines could be utilized only after eliminating the fertility barriers associated with the hybrids.…”