Transferência De Resistência Antimicrobiana Entre Enterobactérias Patogênicas De Importância Aviária - Impactos Em Saúde Pública

Abstract

Ligações entre o uso indiscriminado de antimicrobianos na produção de animais, que se destinam à alimentação humana, conferindo pressão seletiva sobre microrganismos, e uma emergência na sua existência, surgimento, disseminação e transferência de genes que conferem de resistência a drogas antimicrobianas constituí preocupação global crescente. Processos de resistência antimicrobiana ocorrem de modo natural ou adquirido, sendo a maneira adquirida a mais preocupante. Vários são os mecanismos de transferência de resistência antimicrobiana, sobretudo elementos genéticos móveis são determinantes ao desenvolvimento de cepas bacterianas resistentes. Enterobactérias são frequentemente isoladas em produtos avícolas, sendo relatada múltipla resistência antimicrobiana e surtos de doenças em humanos. O objetivo da presente revisão foi discutir e expor aspectos relacionados à transferência de resistência antimicrobiana, destacando os impactos da utilização de antimicrobianos e o processo de transferência de resistência antimicrobiana entre bactérias patogênicas, zoonóticas e comensais de aves.

Identification and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica isolated from live birds at commercial resellers

“…According to the results, the resellers sold several animal species, with 8.3% (5/60) of them housing only the species Gallus gallus domesticus and 91.7% (55/60) housing chickens and other species of birds and mammals. The existence of different species of animals at these resellers is worrying because of the possibility of them harboring pathogenic bacteria in the intestinal tract such as Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Escherichia coli, among others, constituting potential reservoirs of zoonotic diseases of importance in human and veterinary medicine (2,8) .…”

“…It is noteworthy that the agent can still survive in different environments and pose a risk of resistance transfer and spread to commensal bacteria. These risks were pointed out by Chantziaras et al (27) , who correlated antimicrobial resistance in food-producing animals, such as birds, with humans; and by Silva et al (2) , who showed evidence that the intestinal microbiota of birds can harbor zoonotic bacteria-pathogenic or not-that can be reservoirs of genes that confer resistance to antimicrobials, thus playing an important role in the spread of bacterial resistance among different animal species.…”

“…The occurrence of Salmonella Heidelberg multiresistant to antimicrobials, present at resellers where people circulate and animals are sold for small farms, increases and represents a danger to public health. This multidrug resistance scenario limits therapeutic treatment, since these are drugs used in human and animal salmonellosis; moreover, Salmonella Heidelberg is one of the serovars that can induce systemic complications in people, especially children, the elderly or immunocompromised people (19,28,2) . Furthermore, it should be noted that there is a potential risk for other animals, besides chickens, and the environment, since the bacteria can be spread by free-living animals such as pigeons, which are common in these resellers.…”

“…Birds, as well as different animal species, can harbor pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella, in the intestinal tract, constituting potential reservoirs of zoonotic diseases. In addition, evidence indicates that these birds can disseminate antimicrobial drug resistance genes (2) . Chemotherapeutics are relevant to poultry production, where they are used with therapeutic and prophylactic functions and as growth modulators (3) , besides possibly promoting animal welfare.…”

“…It is important to note that facilitated use of antimicrobials can imply potential risks for the selection of resistant bacteria, which may interfere with the control of important diseases that are common among birds and man (2) . Therefore, the present study was developed to investigate the sanitary and management characteristics of live-bird resellers in the metropolitan region of Goiânia, GO, Brazil, as well as identify the presence of Salmonella enterica by undertaking an antigenic and sensitivity characterization of the isolates to antimicrobial agents.…”