Transformación de los agroecosistemas y degradación de los recursos naturales en el territorio mapuche: una aproximación históricoecológica

Montalba-Navarro, René

doi:10.7770/cuhso-v8n1-art201

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“…However, despite of the great potential that Chilean suppressive soils offer in terms of microbial diversity and potential for the development of biocontrol strategies, their studies are extremely limited (Andrade et al, 2011 ). This topic acquires special relevance when ancestral extensive agriculture has been applied for a long term by native communities; Mapuche people cultivate in small areas to produce their own agricultural products using rustic metal tools and low inputs (Montalba-Navarro, 2004 ). This ancestral production could be replaced by more aggressive and intensive modern agriculture techniques, with the possible subsequent loss of diversity and suppressive potential of soil microbial communities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening and Characterization of Potentially Suppressive Soils against Gaeumannomyces graminis under Extensive Wheat Cropping by Chilean Indigenous Communities

et al. 2017

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Wheat production around the world is severely compromised by the occurrence of “take-all” disease, which is caused by the soil-borne pathogen Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt). In this context, suppressive soils are those environments in which plants comparatively suffer less soil-borne pathogen diseases than expected, owing to native soil microorganism activities. In southern Chile, where 85% of the national cereal production takes place, several studies have suggested the existence of suppressive soils under extensive wheat cropping. Thus, this study aimed to screen Ggt-suppressive soil occurrence in 16 locations managed by indigenous “Mapuche” communities, using extensive wheat cropping for more than 10 years. Ggt growth inhibition in vitro screenings allowed the identification of nine putative suppressive soils. Six of these soils, including Andisols and Ultisols, were confirmed to be suppressive, since they reduced take-all disease in wheat plants growing under greenhouse conditions. Suppressiveness was lost upon soil sterilization, and recovered by adding 1% of the natural soil, hence confirming that suppressiveness was closely associated to the soil microbiome community composition. Our results demonstrate that long-term extensive wheat cropping, established by small Mapuche communities, can generate suppressive soils that can be used as effective microorganism sources for take-all disease biocontrol. Accordingly, suppressive soil identification and characterization are key steps for the development of environmentally-friendly and efficient biotechnological applications for soil-borne disease control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%