Transformation in the diversity of avifauna under the influence of recreational load

Abstract

This article examines the bird community of a large reservoir and its surrounding area , located in the central part of a large city in the northern part of the steppe zone of Ukraine. The city, Krivoy Rog, has a population of over 700,000 people. Large areas of the city have undergone dramatic transformation. Industrial and and residential areas of the city are located around the reservoir. The shores of the reservoirs are subject to recreational loading. The natural landscape here is a combination of steppe habitats and scubland.. The material for this study was collected in the breeding seasons of 1996, 1999, 2012, 2015. The number and distribution of birds were determined by registrations of birds along transects. The diversity index, dominance and evenness of species distribution in the breeding bird communities were compared for different habitats and different years. In breeding season 73 bird species belonging to 15 orders were found on the territory of the reservoir. Of these, 62 species bred, and 11 more used the area for foraging but bred in adjacent habitats. 24 species were present in winter. The average density of the breeding birds per species increased from 1.8 ± 0.4 pairs/km of survey route in 1996 to 3.2 ± 0.8 pairs/km in 2015. The dominant species in the breeding bird communities were Passer montanus L., Sturnus vulgaris L., Parus major L., Fulica atra L., Podiceps cristatus L. In the period 1996-1999 the habitat conditions in the territory of the water reservoir changed. These changes were associated with mass recreation of city residents here. The changes resulted in a stressful situation for the habitats and the bird communities. The changes resulted in an imbalance in the development of the bird communities. Since 2012 the birds adapted to the new environmental conditions and formed a new community. By 2015, the species diversity of birds had increased, the degree of pressure on the dominant species and the species distribution of the species had leveled off. The number of bird species nesting in the habitats of the water reservoir had increased. Within the bird communities ground and cavity nesting birds were replaced by woodland-nesting species. Transformation of bird habitat had a decisive impact on the development of the community of nesting birds. The differences in ecological characteristics of the community of birds were expressed along the gradient of transformation of habitats: the proportion of ground-nesting species in the community fell, species diversity was reduced, the dominant species increased their pressure on the bird community and and the distribution of of species abundance became more uniform. Against the background of these changes, the diversity of breeding species increased in the tree plantations, as compared to transformed natural habitats. This is evidence, that the development of the bird communities in artificially created habitats and development of bird communities in transformed habitats takes place in different ways and in different directions.

Bird Communities and Vegetation Composition in the Urban Forest Ecosystem: Correlations and Comparisons of Diversity Indices

“…An important factor affecting the number of birds is the degree of transformation of grassy and shrubby layers for ground birds (Camprodon, Brotons, 2006;Heyman, 2010;Shupova, 2017). Moreover, our results show that a stage of recreational transformation causes a marked decrease in the abundance of ground birds in all EP.…”

“…Studies of breeding birds are particularly relevant to create the dependencies between the transformation of phytocoenosis and avifauna. Specific features of breeding bird density distribution in urban forest reflected heterogeneity of their populations with respect to connections with nesting biotopes (Camprodon, Brotons, 2006;Shupova, 2017).…”

Bird communities and vegetation composition in natural and semi-natural forests of megalopolis: correlations and comparisons of diversity indices (Kyiv city, Ukraine)

“…Trampling down leads to the transformation of the herbaceous cover, the destruction of shrubbery and the reduction in the proportion of birds ground nesters (Camprodon, Brotons, 2006;Heyman, 2010;Šalek et al, 2010). The authors showed that the dogs walking prevents the arrangement of nests and contributes to the reduction in the number of birds associated with the ground level (Shupova, 2017).…”

Trophic links of the song thrush (Turdus philomelos) in transformed forest ecosystems of North-Eastern Ukraine

“…It has been established that habitat conditions of T. philomelos are crucial for the successful breeding and population stability of the species in forests of Germany (Batary et al, 2014), Sweden (Felton et al, 2016), Romania (Domokos & Domokos, 2016), Spain (Moreno-Rueda & Pizzaro, 2009), and for equivalent species in Southeast Asia (Hamer et al, 2015). This issue becomes especially urgent in the north-eastern part of Ukraine, characterised by the intensive transformation of natural communities (Brygadyrenko, 2014(Brygadyrenko, , 2015Shupova, 2017). Understanding of particular foraging characteristics of insectivorous birds is important to mitigate invasions of arthropods, which are potential carriers of diseases dangerous to humans (Anderson & Magnarelli, 1993;Lommano et al, 2014), as well as mitigate invasions of pests of forestry and agriculture (Faly & Brygadyrenko, 2014;Chaplygina et al, 2015;Caprio & Rolando, 2017).…”