Transformation of 17a-methyltestosterone in aquatic-sediment systems

Barry, Terence P.; Marwah, Padma; Marwah, Ashok

doi:10.31018/jans.v3i1.145

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Efektivitas hormon 17-metiltestosteron (MT) untuk maskulinisasi sudah terbukti pada berbagai jenis ikan budidaya, namun menemui berbagai kendala di antaranya harus impor, harganya mahal, dan sudah dilarang di Indonesia (No.1/Kepmen-KP/2019). Pelarangan tersebut terkait dengan potensi residu yang dapat memberikan dampak negatif terhadap keamanan pangan dan lingkungan (Rivero-Wendt et al, 2020), serta akumulasi pada sedimen (Homklin et al, 2011) dan kolom air sampai 28 hari (Barry et al, 2011).…”

Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

KEBERHASILAN MASKULINISASI DAN KINERJA REPRODUKSI IKAN GAPI, Poecilia reticulata DIBERI EKSTRAK SERBUK SARI PINUS MELALUI PAKAN

Kusuma¹,

Sudrajat²,

Arfah³

et al. 2022

Jurnal Riset Akuakultur

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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas suplementasi ekstrak serbuk sari pinus melalui pakan terhadap maskulinisasi dan kinerja reproduksi ikan gapi. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas lima perlakuan dengan tiga ulangan, yaitu meliputi suplementasi 10 mg ekstrak serbuk sari pinus per kg pakan (SSP10), 50 mg kg-1 pakan (SSP50), 250 mg kg-1 pakan (SSP250), 1 mg 17b-metiltestosteron per kg pakan sebagai kontrol positif (MT atau kontrol-2), dan perlakuan tanpa suplementasi ekstrak serbuk sari pinus (kontrol-1). Ikan uji yang digunakan adalah induk gapi bunting diberi pakan perlakuan selama 15 hari dan dipelihara sampai anak kelahiran pertama (B1) dan kedua (B2). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak serbuk sari pinus mampu meningkatkan persentase nisbah kelamin jantan pada B1, namun tidak pada B2. Suplementasi ekstrak serbuk sari pinus pada induk bunting tidak memengaruhi kinerja reproduksi. Persentase nisbah kelamin jantan B1 pada perlakuan SSP50 dan SSP250 tidak berbeda nyata, secara berurutan 63,9% dan 66,4%; tetapi keduanya lebih tinggi dibandingkan kontrol-1 (31,3%); namun masih lebih rendah dibandingkan perlakuan MT (81,9%) (P<0,05). Perlakuan MT pada B2 memiliki nisbah kelamin jantan tertinggi (48,4%) dan berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan lainnya (P<0,05). Suplementasi ekstrak serbuk sari pinus melalui pakan efektif dalam meningkatkan persentasi nisbah kelamin jantan ikan gapi pada dosis 50 mg kg-1. Ekstrak serbuk sari pinus dapat digunakan untuk maskulinisasi ikan gapi.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of pine pollen extract supplementation through feed on masculinization and reproductive performance of guppy. This study used a completely randomized design consisting of five treatments with three replications. The treatments were the supplementation of pine pollen extract of 10 mg kg-1 of feed (SSP10), 50 mg kg-1 of feed (SSP50), and 250 mg kg-1 of feed (SSP250). Control treatments consisted of the supplementation of 1 mg 17b-methyltestosterone per kg of feed as a positive control (MT or control-2), and without supplementation pine pollen extract in feed (control-1). The test fish used were livebearer guppy brooders. The test fish were given treatment feed for 15 days and continued until the first (B1) and second (B2) offsprings were born. This study showed that the administration of pine pollen extract in feed was able to increase the percentage of male sex ratio in B1, but not in B2. Supplementation of pine pollen extract did not affect the tested fish’s reproductive performance. The percentages of male sex ratio B1 in the SSP50 and SSP250 treatments were not significantly different, 63.9% and 66.4%, respectively. Despite that, both treatments had a higher male sex ratio than control-1 (31.3%), yet lower than the MT treatment (81.9%) (P<0.05). The MT treatment at B2 had the highest male sex ratio (48.4%) and was significantly different from the other treatments (P<0.05). Supplementation of pine pollen extract through feed at a dose of 50 mg kg-1 effectively increased the male sex ratio of guppy. Pine pollen extract can be used for the masculinization of guppy.

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Section: Pendahuluanunclassified

KEBERHASILAN MASKULINISASI DAN KINERJA REPRODUKSI IKAN GAPI, Poecilia reticulata DIBERI EKSTRAK SERBUK SARI PINUS MELALUI PAKAN

Kusuma¹,

Sudrajat²,

Arfah³

et al. 2022

Jurnal Riset Akuakultur

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“…Since 2008, the anaerobic conditions for the OECD 308 have been waived as a regulatory requirement (EMA ). It was noted that most anaerobic studies showed the same metabolic profile as the aerobic test but with only longer half‐lives (Ericson ; Barry et al ). Therefore, there was no added value in completing this part of the test.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experiences with the OECD 308 transformation test: A human pharmaceutical perspective

Ericson

Smith

Roberts

et al. 2013

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 308 water-sediment transformation test has been routinely conducted in Phase II Tier A testing of the environmental risk assessment (ERA) for all human pharmaceutical marketing authorization applications in Europe, since finalization of Environmental Medicines Agency (EMA) ERA guidance in June 2006. In addition to the "Ready Biodegradation" test, it is the only transformation test for the aquatic/sediment compartment that supports the classification of the drug substance for its potential persistence in the environment and characterizes the fate of the test material in a water-sediment environment. Presented is an overview of 31 OECD 308 studies conducted by 4 companies with a focus on how pharmaceuticals behave in these water-sediment systems. The geometric mean (gm) parent total system half-life for the 31 pharmaceuticals was 30 days with 10th/90th percentile (10/90%ile) of 14.0/121.6 d respectively, with cationic substances having a half-life approximately 2 times that of neutral and anionic substances. The formation of nonextractable residues (NER) was considerable, with gm (10/90%ile) of 38% (20.5/81.4) of the applied radioactivity: cationic substances 50.8% (27.7/87.6), neutral substances 31.9% (15.3/52.3), and anionic substances 16.7% (9.5/30.6). In general, cationic substances had fewer transformation products and more unchanged parent remaining at day 100 of the study. A review of whether a simplified 1-point analysis could reasonably estimate the parent total system half-life showed that the total amount of parent remaining in the water and sediment extracts at day 100 followed first-order kinetics and that the theoretical half-life and the measured total system half-life values agreed to within a factor of 1.68. Recommendations from this 4-company collaboration addressed: 1) the need to develop a more relevant water-sediment transformation test reflecting the conditions of the discharge scenario more representative of human pharmaceuticals, 2) potential use of a 1-point estimate of parent total system half-life in the EMA ERA screening phase of testing, 3) the need for a more consistent and transparent interpretation of the results from the transformation study; consistent use of terminology such as dissipation, transformation, depletion, and degradation in describing their respective processes in the ERA, 4) use of the parent total system dissipation half-life in hazard classification schemes and in revising predicted environmental concentration in ERA, and 5) further research into cationic pharmaceuticals to assess whether their classification as such serves as a structural alert to high levels of NER; and whether this results in reduced bioavailability of those residues.

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Ecological risk of 17α-methyltestosterone contaminated water discharged from a full water recirculating earthen masculinization pond

Thanasupsin¹,

Chheang

Math

2021

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal

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Transformation of 17a-methyltestosterone in aquatic-sediment systems

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

KEBERHASILAN MASKULINISASI DAN KINERJA REPRODUKSI IKAN GAPI, Poecilia reticulata DIBERI EKSTRAK SERBUK SARI PINUS MELALUI PAKAN

KEBERHASILAN MASKULINISASI DAN KINERJA REPRODUKSI IKAN GAPI, Poecilia reticulata DIBERI EKSTRAK SERBUK SARI PINUS MELALUI PAKAN

Experiences with the OECD 308 transformation test: A human pharmaceutical perspective

Ecological risk of 17α-methyltestosterone contaminated water discharged from a full water recirculating earthen masculinization pond

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