Transformation of Micrococcus lysodeikticus by Various Members of the Family Micrococcaceae

Kloos, Wesley E.

doi:10.1099/00221287-59-2-247

Cited by 27 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…In 1974 Keddie (17) pointed out that "Micrococcus species should be regarded as degenerate forms, locked into the coccoid stage of the Arthrobacter life cycle. These molecular data suggest that micrococci should be accommodated in one family with the genus Arthrobacter" (25) (20). Similar results were obtained in a comparative immunological study of catalase activity (41).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Therefore, the phylogenetic depth and width of these two genera and of the Arthrobacter line of descent within the subphylum of actinomycetes had not been fully explored. Early comparative chemotaxonomic analyses (9, 11-13, 34, 53), a genetic analysis (20), and determinations of levels of DNA-DNA similarity (35,44) also did not include all of the valid species known today. Although the previous phylogenetic studies included only micrococci, these studies led to the following taxonomic rearrangements: certain radiation-resistant red micrococci were transferred to the genus Deinococcus (2); Micrococcus muciluginosus was reclassified as Stomatococcus mucilaginosus (1); and Micrococcus agilis was found to be a phylogenetic member of the "Arthrobacrer globiformis-Arthrobacter citreus group" (sensu Keddie and Jones [19]), and as this species also had chemotaxonomic properties in common with its nonmicrococ-cal relatives, Koch and Stackebrandt proposed that it should be redescribed as Arthrobacter agilis (24).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Taxonomic Dissection of the Genus Micrococcus: Kocuria gen. nov., Nesterenkonia gen. nov., Kytococcus gen. nov., Dermacoccus gen. nov., and Micrococcus Cohn 1872 gen. emend.

Stackebrandt

Koch

Gvozdiak

et al. 1995

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

516

383

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomic Dissection of the Genus Micrococcus: Kocuria gen. nov., Nesterenkonia gen. nov., Kytococcus gen. nov., Dermacoccus gen. nov., and Micrococcus Cohn 1872 gen. emend.

Stackebrandt

Koch

Gvozdiak

et al. 1995

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

516

383

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“…Micrococcus luteus I A M I 0 9 7 was not considered to belong to group I because of its low GC content (66 7;); different peptidoglycan type (A4z) and menaquinone pattern (Jeffries et al, 1965); and other characteristics . (Kloos, 1969), which is in agreement with our results. Micrococcus varians ATCCIgO99 and ATCC I9 I 00, and M .…”

Section: O G a S A W A R A -F U J I T A A N D K S A K A G U C H Isupporting

confidence: 83%

Classification of Micrococci on the Basis of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Homology

Ogasawara-Fujita¹,

Sakaguchi²

1976

Journal of General Microbiology

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S U M M A R YThe DNA homology relationships of 25 micrococci (15 strains of Micrococcus, eight strains of Sarcina and two strains of Staphylococcus) were studied by the deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization method using nuclease S,, an endonuclease specific for single-stranded DNA molecules. Nineteen of the strains were classified into three groups. De Ley et al., 1973). The DNA hybridization method using nitrocellulose membranes is common today, but this method has the disadvantage that DNA fixed on nitrocellulose membranes is released during incubation at high temperatures (Okanishi & Gregory, I 9 7 0 ) . Recently, nuclease S, isolated from Aspergillus oryzae, which is specific for single-stranded nucleic acid (Ando, I 966), was successfully used in improving the nitrocellulose-membrane DNA hybridization method. This endonuclease digests only the single-stranded DNA portion that has not hybridized. Crosa, Brenner & Falkow (I 973) studied the nucleotide sequence relatedness between homologous and heterologous chromosomal and plasmid DNA by the DNA hybridization method with nuclease S, and showed that this method permitted an accurate, reproducible and rapid determination of the extent of polynucleotide sequence homology. In this study, we examined the DNA homology relationships, by DNA hybridization followed by nuclease S, digestion, among species of the genus Micrococcus, including aerobic Sarcina strains which had been proved to belong to the genus Micrococcus by Kocur & Martinec (1965) and Hubalek (1969). 7-2

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“…A fragment of the primary structure of such a peptidoglycan is depicted in Fig. 1 the genera Micrococcus, Sarcina, and Staphylococcus were able to transform tryptophan, histidine, and adenine auxotrophs of M. luteus ATCC 27141 to prototrophy with an efficiency equal t o that of homologous crosses (6). Since nutritional markers are usually transformed only among very closely related organisms, it was suggested by Kloos (6) that all strains capable of transforming M. luteus ATCC 27141 are members of a single species, M .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Taxonomic Status of Micrococcus luteus (Schroeter 1872) Cohn 1872: Correlation Between Peptidoglycan Type and Genetic Compatibility

Schleifer

Kloos

Moore

1972

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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The type of peptidoglycan in the cell wall and the ability to transform auxotrophic mutants of Micrococcus luteus ATCC 2714 1 were determined for 5 5 strains of micrococci and related organisms. There exists a perfect correlation between these characteristics. Only strains containing the unique peptidoglycan of M. luteus (L-Lys-peptide subunit) can participate in the genetic exchange, and it is suggested that all such strains be placed in the species M. luteus.The taxonomic status of the species Micrococcus luteus (Schroeter) Cohn is rather illdefined. In the minutes of the meeting of the International Subcommittee on Taxonomy of Staphylococci and Micrococci (2), it was stated that M. luteus is a broad-based species which is distinguished from other micrococci almost solely on a negative characteristic, namely, the absence of detectable acid from glucose when grown in the medium used for the standard O/F test (1 5). All strains of M. luteus contain a high guanine plus cytosine (GC) ratio (66 to 72%), and most of the strains fit into Micrococcus subgroup l a of the classification of Rosypal et al. (11) or Micrococcus subgroup 7 of the scheme proposed by Baird-Parker (1). In this investigation it will be shown that M . luteus is defined by a unique peptidoglycan structure and the ability to produce transformants with M. luteus ATCC 27 14 1. MATERIALS AND METHODSBacterial strains. The strains of micrococci were obtained from different collections (Table 1).Media. The organisms were maintained on yeast extract-glucose-sodium chloride-agar slants (14). Mass cultures were prepared in yeast extract-glucose-sodium chloride-broth under aerobic conditions (shaker) and harvested in the early stationary phase.Methods. The methods used for preparing cell walls and determining the type of peptidoglycan were the same as described previously (12, 14). The procedure for transformation is also described in earlier publications (5-7). RESULTSStudies on the primary structure of the peptidoglycan of cell walls of M. luteus have revealed a unique peptidoglycan type (4, 13). The peptide subunits are connected in this case through bridges which are formed by a "head t o tail linkage" of one to three peptide subunits. A fragment of the primary structure of such a peptidoglycan is depicted in Fig. 1

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Transformation of Micrococcus lysodeikticus by Various Members of the Family Micrococcaceae

Abstract: SUMMARYVarious strains originally designated as members of the genera Micrococcus, Sarcina, and Staphylococcus were able to transform adenine, histidine, and tryptophan auxotrophs of Micrococcus lysodeikticus to prototrophy at relatively high frequencies.

Cited by 27 publications

References 11 publications

Taxonomic Dissection of the Genus Micrococcus: Kocuria gen. nov., Nesterenkonia gen. nov., Kytococcus gen. nov., Dermacoccus gen. nov., and Micrococcus Cohn 1872 gen. emend.

Taxonomic Dissection of the Genus Micrococcus: Kocuria gen. nov., Nesterenkonia gen. nov., Kytococcus gen. nov., Dermacoccus gen. nov., and Micrococcus Cohn 1872 gen. emend.

Classification of Micrococci on the Basis of Deoxyribonucleic Acid Homology

Taxonomic Status of Micrococcus luteus (Schroeter 1872) Cohn 1872: Correlation Between Peptidoglycan Type and Genetic Compatibility

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