Transformation of mouse cells after infection with ultraviolet irradiation‐inactivated herpes simplex virus type 2

Abstract

A transformed mouse cell line (H238) was obtained following the infection of 238 mouse cells with ultraviolet (UV) irradiation-inactivated herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2). The transformed cells produced tumors with a 100% incidence within 8 weeks in 6-week-old syngeneic BALB/c mice at an inoculum of 1 times 10(6). Indirect immunofluorescence (IF) tests revealed the presence of HSV antigens in the transformed cells. Antibodies to HSV-2 were found in the sera of tumor-bearing animals by neutralization and IF techniques. Neither HSV-2 infectious virus nor viral antigens could be detected by the transfer of transformed-cell DNA into permissive cells.

Murine Gammaherpesvirus (MHV-68) Transforms Cultured Cells in vitro

“…Considering the fact that MHV-68, although it is a gammaherpesvirus, in some biological characteristics resembles more alphaherpesviruses, we decided to demonstrate the possible transforming ability of MHV-68 using the same method that was shown to be successful for alphaherpesviruses. We infected human dermal fibroblast (hDF) (ATCC PCS-201-012) and mouse dermal fibroblast NIH/3T3 (ATCC CRL-1658) cells with ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated MHV-68, thus repeating the experiments of Duff and Rapp [8] and Boyd and Orme [7] who demonstrated the development of transformed foci in hamster embryo cells and Swiss/3T3 cells infected with UV-irradiated HSV-2.…”

“…However, as distinct from other members of this subfamily such as Epstein-Barr virus or Kaposi sarcoma-associated virus, MHV-68 infects a wide variety of cell lines, reaching high titers, and forming plaques, and some mice have even developed lymphoproliferative disease and displayed high-grade lymphomas a long time after in vivo infection [1,2,3]. Besides studies on tumor cell line S11 derived from MHV-68 infected mice growing into tumors in nude mice [4], the transforming ability of MHV-68 has not been demonstrated [5,6] as being distinct from that of some alpha- or betaherpesviruses whose oncogenic potential under various conditions in vitro has been studied over more than two decades [7,8,9,10]. Considering the fact that MHV-68, although it is a gammaherpesvirus, in some biological characteristics resembles more alphaherpesviruses, we decided to demonstrate the possible transforming ability of MHV-68 using the same method that was shown to be successful for alphaherpesviruses.…”

Concanavalin A‐Mediated Agglutination of 3T3 Cells After Exposure to UV‐Irradiated Herpes Simplex Virus

“…Morphological Transformation of 3T3 Cells Exposed to UV-Irradiated HSV It has been reported that the transformation of cells treated with HSV was influenced by the length of time when the virus inoculum was exposed to UV (2,8). Thus, it seems to be of interest to determine whether there is similar temporal pattern in two phenomena of agglutinability and transformation of the cells through the response of HSV to UV-irradiation.…”

“…The frequency of this transformation was influenced, however, by the length of time when the virus was exposed to UV-irradiation (2,8). Present experiments were made to determine the effects of UV-irradiation of HSV on Con-A-mediated agglutination of 3T3 cells.…”

Herpes Simplex Virus Sequences Involved in the Initiation of Oncogenic Morphological Transformation of Rat Cells Are Not Required for Maintenance of the Transformed State

“…Herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 have been shown to transform rodent embryo cells in a morphological focus assay to an oncogenic phenotype (Duff & Rapp, 1971, 1973Darai & Munk, 1973Macnab, 1974Macnab, , 1975Macnab, , 1979Wilkie et al, L974;Boyd et al, 1975, Cameron, 1982. Separated fragments of the HSV-2 genome have been transfected to determine which regions are responsible for the initiation of the focus-forming event (Reyes et at., 1979), and an HSV-2 fragment mapping from 0.582 to 0-612 map units has been shown to initiate transformation (Galloway & McDougall, 1981).…”