Transformation of novel TiOF₂ nanoparticles to cluster TiO₂-{001/101} and its degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride under simulated sunlight

Abstract

Degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride by cluster TiO2-{001/101} under simulated sunlight.

The preparation of three-dimensional flower-like TiO2/TiOF2 photocatalyst and its efficient degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride

“…[26][27][28] However, there are some problems in metal doping, such as thermal instability, toxicity, and high cost. 29,30 Nonmetallic doping and heterogeneous semiconductor composite materials can effectively improve the separation efficiency of the catalyst carrier, which is recognized as an effective method to improve the performance of the TiO 2 catalyst. 31 At present, the construction of a heterojunction mostly needs to prepare the two semiconductors separately, and then form the heterostructure in various ways.…”

“…The existence of uorine could induce Ti 3+ and Ti-F-Ti bonds to improve the photocatalytic property. 29,32 The appearance of Ti 3+ is usually accompanied by oxygen vacancies, which form a continuous vacancy band of electronic states below the conduction band of TiO 2 . 33 This effectively reduces the recombination of carriers, and makes TiO 2 respond to visible light.…”

Preparation of F-doped H2Ti3O7-{104} nanorods with oxygen vacancies using TiOF2 as precursor and its photocatalytic degradation activity

“…53 It should be noted that the peak of 1 M-TiOF 2 , 3 M-TiOF 2 , 5 M-TiOF 2 , 10 M-TiOF 2 and 15 M-TiOF 2 shis negatively from 534 cm À1 which may be attributed to the increasing number of O v in the lattice structure changes the number of Ti atom surrounding the O atom, and the electron cloud density around a Ti atom decreased. 24 This was conrmed by EPR and XPS. It can be seen that there are peaks at 922 cm À1 in all samples which is attributed to the existence of the Ti-F bond.…”

“…08-0060) indicating that the cubic TiOF 2 was successfully prepared. 24,34 Fig. 1b shows the XRD patterns of the samples obtained from the TiOF 2 precursor aer alkali hydrothermal and ion-exchange treatment.…”

“…Fluorine doping can usually generate oxygen vacancies in titanium-based semiconductors by forming Ti–F–Ti bonds. 24 The appearance of Ti 3+ is usually accompanied by oxygen vacancies. 25 This effectively reduces the recombination of carriers.…”