Transformation of Organic Solvents into Carbon-Based Materials by Liquid-Phase Plasmas

Fisher, Kevin; Thagard, Selma Mededovic

doi:10.1007/s11090-012-9397-5

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Compared to gas‐phase plasmas, plasmas formed inside a liquid are characterized by very high electron and molecular densities as well as pressure and temperature gradients, all of which make plasma a unique medium for performing unconventional chemical syntheses. Experimental studies of plasmas formed in non‐aqueous media demonstrated that pulsed electrical discharges reform liquid hydrocarbons, engine oil, diesel, and alcohols into hydrogen, short‐chained alkanes, and alkenes . In the first real application of the process, a reverse vortex tornado‐type of discharge was used to reform liquid ethanol into hydrogen‐rich gas .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical reaction mechanisms accompanying pulsed electrical discharges in liquid methanol

Franclemont

Fan

et al. 2018

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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The primary goal of this study was to explore the fundamental chemical processes occurring during a pulsed electrical discharge in liquid methanol. To this end, advanced analytical techniques were used to identify and, when possible, quantify gas and liquid methanol decomposition products. The effects of applied voltage, voltage polarity, and presence of water on the reaction stoichiometry and the selectivity for the identified gas products were also studied. Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulations were used to determine the most feasible thermal reaction pathways between 300 and 4000 K responsible for the formation of experimentally identified gas and liquid products. From these results, the key chemical reaction pathways were theorized and a reaction mechanism was developed. Gas products of plasmainduced decomposition of methanol that were detected and quantified include hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, methane, acetylene, ethylene, and ethane. The reaction selectivity was the highest for the former two compounds regardless of the applied voltage, discharge polarity or presence of water in the starting solution. Results also showed that the applied voltage, discharge polarity and presence of water had no effect on the types of reaction products.Liquid methanol decomposition products that where identified include ethanol, ethylene glycol, formaldehyde, acetic acid, allyl alcohol, 1-propanol, 3-buten-1-ol, 3-butyn-1-ol, glycolaldehyde, and methyl glycolate. The chemical reaction mechanism that was proposed to explain the formation of the experimentally verified gas products offers specific pathways for the production of carbon monoxide and short-chained hydrocarbons. In contrast, the reactions leading to the formation of hydrogen, carbon dioxide, and liquid products appear to be random.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical reaction mechanisms accompanying pulsed electrical discharges in liquid methanol

Franclemont

Fan

et al. 2018

Plasma Processes & Polymers

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“…Most of the biofuels and alternative fuels are in liquid phase. Discharges in such fuels can be ignited directly in the liquid phase or through the injection of gaseous bubbles in liquid [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. In the latter case, discharge is ignited at much smaller voltages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-thermal plasma ethanol reforming in bubbles immersed in liquids

Levko

Sharma

Raja³

2017

J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys.

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Ethanol reforming in non-thermal plasma generated in atmospheric-pressure argon bubbles immersed in liquid ethanol/water solution is studied using a self-consistent multi-species fluid model. The influence of the dielectric constant of the liquid on the plasma dynamics and its effect on the generation of active species is analyzed. Several modes of discharge are obtained for large liquid dielectric constant. In these modes, we obtain either an axial streamer or a combination of two simultaneous streamers propagating along the bubble axis and near the liquid wall. The influence of these modes on the production of active species is also studied. The main reactions responsible for the generation of molecular hydrogen and light hydrocarbon species are analyzed. A possible mechanism of hydrogen generation in liquid phase is discussed.

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“…16−18 Similar technical approaches can be applied to liquid hydrocarbon reforming. 19,20 On the other hand, there are few reports on its application to hydrogen production by photocatalysis. Dis-charge in a liquid can generate a higher density plasma and larger spatial distribution compared to UV lamp irradiation.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plasma reforming is generally performed in the gas phase. Discharge in a liquid has been used in water treatments based on its simple electrical configuration. − Similar technical approaches can be applied to liquid hydrocarbon reforming. , On the other hand, there are few reports on its application to hydrogen production by photocatalysis. Discharge in a liquid can generate a higher density plasma and larger spatial distribution compared to UV lamp irradiation. , These advantages can lead to the decomposition of raw materials and hydrogen production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Hydrogen Evolution from Water Photocatalysis Using Liquid Phase Plasma on Metal Oxide-Loaded Photocatalysts

Jeong

Chung

Lee

et al. 2017

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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This study examined hydrogen evolution by water photocatalysis using liquid phase plasma on metal oxide-loaded photocatalysts. Metal-loaded TiO 2 nanocrystallites supported on mesoporous materials were introduced as photocatalysts. SBA-15 and MCM-41 mesoporous materials were applied as a support for the metal-loaded TiO 2 nanocrystallites. The photocatalytic activities of the photocatalysts were estimated for hydrogen production from water. Hydrogen was generated in the photodecomposition of water through liquid phase plasma irradiation. The rate of hydrogen evolution was increased by the metal loading on the TiO 2 surface. Photocatalytic activity was improved significantly with Ni loading on the TiO 2 . The TiO 2 nanocrystallites prepared by sol−gel method were incorporated above 50 wt % on the MCM-41 mesoporous support. The mesoporous materials acted as an efficient photocatalytic support for the fixation of TiO 2 . Hydrogen evolution was enhanced with Ni incorporation on the TiO 2 supported on the mesoporous supports. The addition of formaldehyde to water induced an apparent enhancement of hydrogen evolution. The formaldehyde assists to improve the hydrogen production with adding of hydrogen by its decomposition.

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Transformation of Organic Solvents into Carbon-Based Materials by Liquid-Phase Plasmas

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

Chemical reaction mechanisms accompanying pulsed electrical discharges in liquid methanol

Chemical reaction mechanisms accompanying pulsed electrical discharges in liquid methanol

Non-thermal plasma ethanol reforming in bubbles immersed in liquids

Enhancement of Hydrogen Evolution from Water Photocatalysis Using Liquid Phase Plasma on Metal Oxide-Loaded Photocatalysts

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Transformation of Organic Solvents into Carbon-Based Materials by Liquid-Phase Plasmas

Cited by 11 publications

References 24 publications

­­Chemical reaction mechanisms accompanying pulsed electrical discharges in liquid methanol

­­Chemical reaction mechanisms accompanying pulsed electrical discharges in liquid methanol

Non-thermal plasma ethanol reforming in bubbles immersed in liquids

Enhancement of Hydrogen Evolution from Water Photocatalysis Using Liquid Phase Plasma on Metal Oxide-Loaded Photocatalysts

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Chemical reaction mechanisms accompanying pulsed electrical discharges in liquid methanol

Chemical reaction mechanisms accompanying pulsed electrical discharges in liquid methanol