Transformation of steroids by actinobacteria: A review

Donova, Marina V.

doi:10.1134/s0003683807010012

Cited by 161 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…The enzyme can dehydrogenate a wide variety of 3-ketosteroids, but not 3-hydroxysteroids, and has a preference for substrates unsaturated at the C4-C5 position, such as 4-androstene-3,17-dione (4-AD), 9␣-hydroxy-4-androstene-3,17-dione, or 4-pregnene-17␣,21-diol-3,11,20-trione (cortisone) (1,2). ⌬ 1 -KSTDs are found in many steroid-degrading bacteria, particularly in those belonging to the genera Arthrobacter, Comamonas, Mycobacterium, and Rhodococcus (formerly Nocardia) (3,4). They are, together with 3-ketosteroid 9␣-hydroxylase, essential for the opening of the steroid B-ring of the key intermediate 4-AD ( Fig.…”

Section: -Ketosteroid ⌬mentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal Structure and Site-directed Mutagenesis of 3-Ketosteroid Δ1-Dehydrogenase from Rhodococcus erythropolis SQ1 Explain Its Catalytic Mechanism

Rohman

Oosterwijk

Thunnissen

et al. 2013

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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Background: 3-Ketosteroid ⌬ 1 -dehydrogenases catalyze the 1,2-desaturation of 3-ketosteroids. Results: First structures of the enzyme from Rhodococcus erythropolis SQ1, combined with site-directed mutagenesis, clarify its catalytic mechanism. Conclusion: Tyr 487 and Gly 491 promote keto-enol tautomerization, whereas Tyr 318 /Tyr 119 and FAD abstract a proton and hydride ion, respectively. Significance: This study is an important step toward tailoring the enzyme for steroid biotransformation applications.

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Section: -Ketosteroid ⌬mentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal Structure and Site-directed Mutagenesis of 3-Ketosteroid Δ1-Dehydrogenase from Rhodococcus erythropolis SQ1 Explain Its Catalytic Mechanism

Rohman

Oosterwijk

Thunnissen

et al. 2013

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…The functional antimicrobial activity of flavonoids may be because of their capability of complexing with soluble extracellular proteins and with the microbial cell walls [14]. The cellular toxicity of steroids to microbial cells was similarly well documented with retarding microbial cell growth, respiration and some essential enzymatic activities [15]. The potent antimicrobial action of saponins has also been reported and attributed to their membranolytic properties [16].…”

mentioning

confidence: 94%

Economic Maximization of Alfalfa Antimicrobial Efficacy Using Stressful Factors

Mickky

Abbas

El-Shhaby

2016

Int J Pharm Pharm Sci

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Objective: The present study addresses the effect of water deficit stress on the antimicrobial capacity of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) plants.Methods: Methanolic extracts of alfalfa plants grown in different soil types, varying in sand proportion, either alone or combined with various levels of water regimes were assessed for antibacterial and antifungal activities following cup plate method. The phytochemical profiles of plant extracts were also qualitatively screened using appropriate chemical reagents. Moreover, data were intensively processed via two different statistical designs. For centuries, desertification and drought could affect many parts of the world with remarkable negative impact on land productivity. Almost every year, new sectors of the earth are hit by theses stresses bringing about paramount disturbance in agricultural yield [1]. Therefore, many studies have been registered to estimate the consequences of such constraints on plant performance, the response of plants to these devastating factors and also the techniques that could be employed to ameliorate their adverse effects. Nevertheless, it is to somewhat scarce to find studies on how to take advantage from these stressful conditions that threaten vast tracts of ecosystems. ResultsFor a known medicinal plant species, certain molecules with pharmacological activity may be over-synthesized when it is grown under a new set of environmental conditions, and this would elucidate the improvement of its beneficial effects under stress. In this connection, the levels of bioactive phytochemicals were documented to fluctuate with the environmental conditions [2]. Generally, comparative analyses manifested that the content of various secondary metabolites in plants suffering water shortage is higher than that in their synonyms growing under optimum circumstances [3].The failure of some available antibiotics produced by pharmacological industries to combat some pathogenic microbes, along with the baleful side effects of antibiotic overuse and misuse have forced researchers to investigate the antimicrobial activity of medicinal plants [4]. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L., family Fabaceae) is a perennial herb with seeds that have long been used in traditional medicine for prevention and cure of various ailments [5]. However and up to our knowledge, few studies scrutinizing the antimicrobial capacity of alfalfa vegetative parts can be recorded [6].Therefore, the present study aims at exploring stress utilization as an effectual simple, low-cost and low-risk strategy to promote alfalfa efficacy as a medicinal plant. In a trial to maximize its antimicrobial efficiency, alfalfa plants would be grown with little water supply employed to different levels either alone or combined with elevated sand proportion in the growing soil.Seeds of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L., cultivar Nubaria 1) were obtained from Al Nubaria Agricultural Organization, El Biheera Governorate, Egypt. The seeds were sown in 3 groups of pots packed with clay and sand mixed to obtain 3 type...

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“…Through their biotransformation, a large variety of physiologically active steroid intermediates are produced (Horinouchi et al, 2003;Sedlaczek, 1988). These intermediates and their derivatives are utilized extensively as drugs and hormones because of their anti-inflammatory, diuretic, anabolic, contraceptive, anti-androgenic, progestational and anticancer properties (Donova, 2007;Mahato & Garai, 1997). The microbial steroid catabolic pathway has received even more attention since the discovery that this pathway is closely related to the pathogenicity of several pathogenic bacteria, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1). Enzymes with this activity have been discovered in several steroid-degrading bacteria, including bacteria from the genera Arthrobacter, Comamonas, Mycobacterium and Rhodococcus (formerly Nocardia; Donova, 2007;Horinouchi et al, 2003). Together with the activity of a 3-ketosteroid 9 -hydroxylase, insertion of this double bond facilitates the opening of the steroid B-ring as a first step in degradation of the steroid nucleus (Horinouchi et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of 3-ketosteroid Δ¹-dehydrogenase fromRhodococcus erythropolisSQ1

Rohman

Oosterwijk

Dijkstra

2012

Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Cryst Commun

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3-Ketosteroid Á 1 -dehydrogenase plays a crucial role in the early steps of steroid degradation by introducing a double bond between the C1 and C2 atoms of the A-ring of its 3-ketosteroid substrates. The 3-ketosteroid Á 1 -dehydrogenase from Rhodococcus erythropolis SQ1, a 56 kDa flavoprotein, was crystallized using the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method at room temperature. The crystals grew in various buffers over a wide pH range (from pH 5.5 to 10.5), but the best crystallization condition consisted of 2%(v/v) PEG 400, 0.1 M HEPES pH 7.5, 2.0 M ammonium sulfate. A native crystal diffracted X-rays to 2.0 Å resolution. It belonged to the primitive orthorhombic space group P2 1 2 1 2 1 , with unit-cell parameters a = 107.4, b = 131.6, c = 363.2 Å , and contained eight molecules in the asymmetric unit. The initial structure of the enzyme was solved using multiwavelength anomalous dispersion (MAD) data collected from a Pt-derivatized crystal.

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Transformation of steroids by actinobacteria: A review

Cited by 161 publications

References 93 publications

Crystal Structure and Site-directed Mutagenesis of 3-Ketosteroid Δ1-Dehydrogenase from Rhodococcus erythropolis SQ1 Explain Its Catalytic Mechanism

Crystal Structure and Site-directed Mutagenesis of 3-Ketosteroid Δ1-Dehydrogenase from Rhodococcus erythropolis SQ1 Explain Its Catalytic Mechanism

Economic Maximization of Alfalfa Antimicrobial Efficacy Using Stressful Factors

Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of 3-ketosteroid Δ¹-dehydrogenase fromRhodococcus erythropolisSQ1

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Transformation of steroids by actinobacteria: A review

Cited by 161 publications

References 93 publications

Crystal Structure and Site-directed Mutagenesis of 3-Ketosteroid Δ1-Dehydrogenase from Rhodococcus erythropolis SQ1 Explain Its Catalytic Mechanism

Crystal Structure and Site-directed Mutagenesis of 3-Ketosteroid Δ1-Dehydrogenase from Rhodococcus erythropolis SQ1 Explain Its Catalytic Mechanism

Economic Maximization of Alfalfa Antimicrobial Efficacy Using Stressful Factors

Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of 3-ketosteroid Δ1-dehydrogenase fromRhodococcus erythropolisSQ1

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Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of 3-ketosteroid Δ¹-dehydrogenase fromRhodococcus erythropolisSQ1