Transformation of the Fusarium mycotoxin zearalenone in maize cell suspension cultures

Engelhardt, G.; Zill, Gabriele; Wohner, B; Wallnöfer, P. R.

doi:10.1007/bf00367324

Cited by 56 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…We have demonstrated that, in contrast to DON, which was not metabolized by selected strains of the genera Candidu, Hunsenulu, Pichiu, and Succhuromyces, ZEA was reduced by nearly all yeast strains tested in this study to a-as well as to 6-zearalenol. Both metabolites were produced by Torulaspora delbriickii, Zygosuccharomyces rouxii, and the strains of Saccharomyces used, with the p-isomer predominating especially in the case of Saccharomyces, as also reported by Matsuura and Yoshizawa [1985], Scott et al 119921, and Sunjic et al [ 19911. Other transformation products such as zearalenone-P-glucosides which have been shown to be produced in the plant and fungal metabolisms [Engelhardt et al, 1988;Kamimura, 1986;El-Sharkawy and Abul-Hajj, 19871 were not detected even in small amounts. Since the zearalenols were found both in culture media and cell debris in these experiments, the occurrence of zearalenols seems possible in beer that was produced using the strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Metabolism of the Fusarium mycotoxins zearalenone and deoxynivalenol by yeast strains of technological relevance

et al. 1995

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The Fusarium mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEA), added at a level of 2 micrograms/ml, was reduced stereoselectively by cultures of Candida tropicalis, Torulaspora delbrückii, Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, and 7 Saccharomyces strains to both alpha- and beta-zearalenol. In contrast, only alpha-zearalenol was produced from ZEA by Pichia fermentans and several yeast strains of the genera Candida, Hansenula, Brettanomyces, Schizosaccharomyces, and Saccharomycopsis. No glucose conjugates of ZEA (zearalenone-4-beta-D-glucopyranoside) were detected. The trichothecene mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) was not metabolized by any of the yeast strains that were used for analysis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Metabolism of the Fusarium mycotoxins zearalenone and deoxynivalenol by yeast strains of technological relevance

et al. 1995

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“…The degradation of citrinin and patulin in sterile ground grains was reported by Harwig (1977). Glycosylation of zearalenone by plant tissue was demonstrated (Engelhardt et al, 1988).…”

Section: Oxalatementioning

confidence: 93%

“…These processes can be monitored only under a controlled laboratory environment. Furthermore, mycotoxins can escape analysis by conjugation, which can be accomplished by the producing fungi (Chakrabarti and Ghosal, 1986), other microorganisms (Kamimura, 1986) or host plants (Miller and Arnison, 1986;Engelhardt et al, 1988). Therefore, treatments releasing masked mycotoxins have to be applied before analysis (Gareis et al, 1990).…”

Section: Evidence For Mycotoxin Degradation In Grains In the Field Anmentioning

confidence: 98%

Biological detoxification of fungal toxins and its use in plant breeding, feed and food production

1999

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“…Zearalenone was the first mycotoxin for which transformation to the ß-D-glucopyranoside was demonstrated in wheat and maize cell cultures (Engelhardt et al, 1988) and the term "masked mycotoxin" was coined (Gareis et al, 1990). Figure 2) is the trivial name for 3,4,5,6,9,10-hexahydro-14,16-dihydroxy-3- Figure 2) and β-zearalenol (ß-ZEL, Figure 2) (Pfeiffer et al, 2010).…”

Section: Zearalenone and Other Resorcylic Acid Lactones (Rals)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Scientific Opinion on the risks for human and animal health related to the presence of modified forms of certain mycotoxins in food and feed

Publication¹

2014

EFS2

126

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Following a request from the European Commission, the risks to human and animal health related to modified forms of the Fusarium toxins zearalenone, nivalenol, T‐2 and HT‐2 toxins and fumonisins were evaluated. Modified (often called “masked”) mycotoxins are metabolites of the parent mycotoxin formed in the plant or fungus, e.g. by conjugation with polar compounds. Fumonisins, which are difficult to extract from the plant matrix, are also termed modified mycotoxins. The CONTAM Panel considered it appropriate to assess human exposure to modified forms of the various toxins in addition to the parent compounds, because many modified forms are hydrolysed into the parent compounds or released from the matrix during digestion. For modified forms of zearalenone, nivalenol, T‐2 and HT‐2 toxins and fumonisins, 100 %, 30 %, 10 % and 60 % were added, respectively based on reports on the relative contribution of modified forms. The same factors were used for animal exposure from feed. In the absence of specific toxicity data, toxicity equal to the parent compounds was assumed for modified mycotoxins. Risk characterization was done by comparing exposure scenarios with reference doses of the parent compounds. In humans, all lower bound (LB) and upper bound (UB) mean and 95th percentile exposures to the sum of modified and parent toxins were below the respective provisional maximum tolerable daily intakes (PMTDIs) and tolerable daily intakes (TDIs), with two exceptions: for zearalenone and modified zearalenone the UB 95th percentile exposure was up to 2.2‐fold the TDI. For fumonisins and modified fumonisins the exposure of toddlers and other children exceeded the PMTDI at both the LB and the UB estimates, which could be of concern. For farm animal species and pets the exposure to the sum of modified and parent toxins was in general not of concern. The risk in fish could not be addressed. The CONTAM Panel identified several uncertainties and data gaps for modified mycotoxins.

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Transformation of the Fusarium mycotoxin zearalenone in maize cell suspension cultures

Cited by 56 publications

References 11 publications

Metabolism of the Fusarium mycotoxins zearalenone and deoxynivalenol by yeast strains of technological relevance

Metabolism of the Fusarium mycotoxins zearalenone and deoxynivalenol by yeast strains of technological relevance

Biological detoxification of fungal toxins and its use in plant breeding, feed and food production

Scientific Opinion on the risks for human and animal health related to the presence of modified forms of certain mycotoxins in food and feed

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